Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches for Cerebral Aneurysms: Anatomical, Virtual Reality and Morphometric Study

Figure 4

(a) Endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum-transplanum approach to the anterior brain circulation; (b) close-up view of the suprasellar area (30 degree endoscope). FPA: frontopolar artery; A1: precommunicating tract of anterior cerebral artery; A2: post communicating tract of anterior cerebral artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; ON: optic nerve; Ch: chiasm; Pg: pituitary gland; Pg: pituitary gland; GR: gyri recta; DS: dissector; L: left; R: right; *: anterior communicating artery; **: ophthalmic artery.

(a)

(b)