A First Assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic Diversity and Drug-Resistance Patterns in Twelve Caribbean Territories

Table 1

Epidemiological, demographic, and genotyping results corresponding to M. tuberculosis isolates (𝑛=480) from 12 Caribbean territories.

Characteristic	Total sample	TTO^a	SUR^a	GUY^a	JAM^a	BHS^a	BRB^a	LCA^a	VCT^a	BLZ^a	TCA^a	DMA^a	KNA^a
Number of isolates	480	132	103	91	85	28	14	10	6	6	3	1	1
Gender
Male	346	105	83	58	59	18	8	7	4	2	1	1	0
Female	114	26	18	22	24	10	5	3	1	3	1	0	1
Sex ratio (M/F)	3.0	4.0	4.6	2.6	2.5	1.8	1.6	2.3	4.0	0.7	1.0	NA^b	NA^b
Age
≤14 yrs (%)	8 (1.8%)	0	2 (2.0%)	1 (1.3%)	3 (3.8%)	0	0	1 (10.0%)	0	1 (20.0%)	0	0	0
15–34 yrs (%)	170 (37.8%)	40 (31.7%)	38 (37.6%)	29 (37.2%)	39 (49.4%)	9 (32.1%)	7 (50.0%)	2 (20.0%)	1 (16.7%)	3 (60.0%)	1; (100.0%)	0	1; (100.0%)
35–54 yrs (%)	194 (43.1%)	55 (43.7%)	41 (40.6%)	42 (53.8%)	24 (30.4%)	18 (64.3%)	4 (28.6%)	4 (40.0%)	4 (66.7%)	1 (20.0%)	0	1; (100.0%)	0
55–74 yrs (%)	71 (15.8%)	30 (23.8%)	16 (15.8%)	6 (7.7%)	13 (16.5%)	0	2 (14.3%)	3 (30.0%)	1 (16.7%)	0	0	0	0
>75 yrs (%)	0	1 (0.8%)	4 (4.0%)	0	0	1 (3.6%)	1 (7.1%)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mean age (yrs)	39.9	42.9	41	37.5	36.9	40.3	38.1	44	45.2	23.6	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b
Number of isolates	450	126	101	78	79	28	14	10	6	5	1	1	1
HIV serology
HIV positive^c	86/317	37/121	18/84	8/18	10/59	12/28	1/7	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b
% of TB/HIV coinfection	27.1%	30.6%	21.4%	44.4%	16.9%	42.9%	14.3%	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b	NA^b
DST
Any resistance	40/480	0/132	1/103	25/91	2/85	6/28	2/14	0/10	0/6	4/6	0/3	0/1	0/1
MDR	22	0	0	19	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0
Genotyping
% of clustered isolates	88.5%	90.2%	79.6%	87.9%	81.2%	64.3%	71.4%	80.0%	33.3%	66.7%	0.0%	NA^b	NA^b
Major SIT^d	SIT53	SIT566	SIT1340	SIT53	SIT53	SIT53, SIT70	SIT53	SIT53	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
Major clade^d	T	Unk.	EAI	T	T	T, X3	EAI	T	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
New SITs^e	13	2	5	0	4	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Orphan^f	16	1	5	1	6	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0
Unknown^g	88	75	6	1	5	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Beijing^h	17	6	5	1	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

aDistribution of the 480 strains of the study among the 12 Caribbean countries and territories. The three-letter codes for Trinidad and Tobago (TTO, 𝑛=132), Suriname (SUR, 𝑛=103), Guyana (GUY, 𝑛=91), Jamaica (JAM, 𝑛=85), The Bahamas (BHS, 𝑛=28), Barbados (BRB, 𝑛=14), Saint Lucia (LCA, 𝑛=10), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (VCT, 𝑛=6), Belize (BEL, 𝑛=6), Turcs and Caicos islands (TCA, 𝑛=3), Dominica (DMA, 𝑛=1), and Saint Kitts and Nevis (KNA, 𝑛=1)are according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3.
^bNot Available (NA).
^cProportion of patients with HIV positive status among those with known HIV status.
^dMajor SITs and clades sharing the most important number of strains; not commented (NC) from territories with less than 10 isolates.
^eProportion of newly created SITs after comparing spoligotypes with SITVIT2.
^fProportion of orphan profiles after comparing spoligotypes with SITIVIT2.
^gProportion of profiles with no clade attribution according to predefined rules.
^hProportion of strains with a spoligotyping profile corresponding to the Beijing lineage.