A Rat Model of Thrombosis in Common Carotid Artery Induced by Implantable Wireless Light-Emitting Diode Device
Figure 5
Ultrasound images of common carotid artery (CCA) after intermittent LED irradiation Using 4.5 mW/cm2 LED irradiated for 2 h first, shut off for 30 min, then for another 2 h. In the left CCA with rose bengal injection and intermittent LED irradiation (b), there is progressive stenosis after irradiation to total occlusion at 7 days. However, in the right CCA with rose bengal injection only (a), left CCA with LED irradiation only (d), and right CCA with neither rose bengal injection nor intermittent LED irradiation (c), there is no remarkable carotid stenosis. Pre-OP: before LED irradiation; post-OP: immediately after LED irradiation; post-OP 3 d: 3 days after LED irradiation; post-OP 7 d: 7 days after LED irradiation. The non-LED-irradiated right CCA is used as control (a and c). Rose bengal + LED indicates that after intravenous administration of 60 mg/kg rose bengal CCA is irradiated intermittently with 4.5 mW/cm2 LED. LED only indicates that the CCA was irradiated by LED without rose bengal administration. Small white arrowheads indicate the CCA bifurcation. White arrows demonstrate the formation of thrombus in the CCA.
