Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Dysfunction in Chronic Lung Disease

Figure 1

Schematic illustration of the site of action for each of the pathogenic mechanisms for pulmonary hypertension in COPD. LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; MPA: muscular pulmonary artery; PA: pulmonary artery; PV: pulmonary vein; RV: right ventricle [19].