The Renal Effects of Vanadate Exposure: Potential Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Functional Renal Disorders—Preliminary Studies

Figure 4

Renal relative weight (RRW), the levels/activities of some OS markers, proteins, and enzymes (a) in the kidney, and the concentrations of selected elements ((b)–(e)) in the same organ of the tested rats. ^1,2,3Data were tested by Student’s 𝑡-test, Welch’s 𝑡-test, or Mann-Whitney’s 𝑈 test, respectively. *Significant differences, compared with the Control (Group I). ^#,§𝑃=0.09, 𝑃=0.05, respectively, compared with the Control (Group I).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)