Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Emerging Enteric Picobirnaviruses of Animal Origin and Their Relationship to Human Strains

Table 2

Picobirnaviruses prevalence studies in domestic and captive animals (∗PBVs isolated from respiratory tract).

Species	Total samples	RNA-PAGEpositive	RT-PCRpositive	Place of isolation	References
Porcine
Porcine	912	11.6% (106/912)	—	Brazil	Gatti et al. (1989) [29]
Porcine	244	11.1% (27/244)	—	Venezuela	Ludert et al. (1991) [31]
Porcine	75	6.7% (5/75)	—	Canada	Alfieri et al. (1994) [47]
Porcine	557	0.4% (2/557)	—	Thailand	Pongsuwanna et al. (1996) [32]
Porcine	144	27.1% (39/144)	60.4% (87/144)	Venezuela and Argentina	Carruyo et al. (2008) [33]
Porcine	20	10% (2/20)	65% (13/20)	Hungary	Bányai et al. (2008) [34]
Porcine	265	21.1% (56/265)	—	Argentina	Martínez et al. (2010) [35]
Porcine*	60	—	33.3% (20/60)	China and Sri Lanka	Smits et al. (2011) [36]
Porcine	11	18.2% (2/11)	18.2% (2/11)	India	Ganesh et al. (2012) [37]
Bovine
Calf	576	0.7% (4/576)	—	Brazil	Buzinaro et al. (2003) [39]
Calf	136	3.7% (5/136)	—	India	Malik et al. (2011) [10]
Equine
Horse	7	—	14.3% (1/7)	India	Ganesh et al. (2011) [41]
Canine
Dog	163	1.8% (3/163)	—	Brazil	Costa et al. (2004) [74]
Dog	349	0.9% (3/349)	0.6% (2/349)	Brazil	Fregolente et al. (2009) [22]
Lapine
Rabbit	211	10.9% (23/211)	—	Venezuela	Ludert et al. (1995) [60]
Simian
Monkey	92	2.2% (2/92)	47.9% (44/92)	China and USA	Wang et al. (2007, 2012) [45, 46]
Avian
Chicken	120	14.2% (17/120)	—	Brazil	Alfieri et al. (1989) [23]
Chicken	378	3.4% (13/378)	—	Brazil	Tamehiro et al. (2003) [26]
Chicken	85	15.3% (13/85)	49.4% (42/85)	Brazil	Ribeiro et al. (2014) [27]
Other species
Mammals and birds	513	3.7% (19/513)	—	Argentina	Masachessi et al. (2007) [44]
Snake	82	8.5% (7/82)	2.4% (2/82)	Brazil	Fregolente et al. (2009) [22]
Rat	56	25% (14/56)	12.5% (7/56)	Brazil	Fregolente et al. (2009) [22]