Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNA: A New Target to Treat Intrahepatic Portal Hypertension?

Table 1

MicroRNAs linked to HSCs.

miRNA	Predicted target and confirmation level	Putative pathway in fibrosis	References	Expression during HSCs activation
miR-15b	Reporter gene assay (Bcl-2)	Apoptosis	[26]	↓
miR-16	Reporter gene assay (Bcl-2); Target protein changes (CCND1)	Apoptosis; cell cycle and cell proliferation	[26, 29]	↓
miR-126	Reporter gene assay (VEGFA)	VEGF/PI3k/Akt/CCND1 pathway and VEGF-A/Ca^2+ pathway	[42]	↓
miR-122	Target mRNA changes (P4HA1)	Collagen production	[27]	↓
miR-150	Target protein changes (cmyb)	Cell activation and proliferation	[23]	↓
miR-19b	Reporter gene assays (TGF-βRII)	TGF-𝛽 signaling	[37]	↓
miR-194	Target protein changes (rac1)	Cell activation and proliferation	[32]	↓
miR-195	Reporter gene assays (cyclin E1)	Cell proliferation	[35]	↓
miR-29 family	Reporter gene assays; (different collagens, PDGF-C, VEGF-A, and IGF-I)	ECM synthesis	[34, 40, 43]	↓
miR-335	Target mRNA changes (tenascin-C)	Cell activation; and migration	[25]	↓
miR-146a	Reporter gene assays (smad4)	TGF-𝛽 signaling	[33]	↓
miR-34a	Reporter gene assay (ACSL1)	Lipids biosynthesis	[28]	↑
miR-27b, miR-27a	Reporter gene assay (RXR-a)	Lipid accumulation and; cell proliferation	[30]	↑
miR-199a/b	Reporter gene assay (Dyrk1)	ECM synthesis via; calcineurin/NFAT signaling	[28]	↑
miR-221/222	Reporter gene assay (CDKN1B)	Cell activation	[24]	↑
miR-21	Target protein changes (PTEN)	PTEN/Akt pathway	[31]	↑
miR-181b	Reporter gene assay (P27)	Cell proliferation	[36]	↑