Hydrogen Gas Presents a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Sepsis

Table 1

Effects of molecular hydrogen treatment on sepsis.

Drugs	Authors	Animal or cell type	Animal or cell model	Administration dose and way	Effect
2% hydrogen	Liu et al. (2013) [42]	Wister rats	15 mg/kg LPS; (septic shock)	Inhalation for 2 h after LPS injection	Anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-𝛼, and MPO); Antioxidant (·OH, MDA, and SOD); Inhibition of apoptosis (Fas, Bcl-2)
Hydrogen-rich saline	Chen et al. (2013) [43]	RAW 264.7 macrophages	1 mg/mL LPS	Incubation with hydrogen-rich saline	Anti-inflammatory (TNF-𝛼, IL-1β, HMGB1, and IL-10); Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Hydrogen-rich saline	Xie (2013) [44]	Wister rats	CLP	5 mL/Kg or 10 mL/Kg	Anti-inflammatory (MPO); Antioxidant (iNOS)
2% H2 and 98% hyperoxia	Xie et al. (2012) [41]	C57BL/6 mice	CLP	2% H2 and 98% hyperoxia for 3 h and 6 h after CLP	Anti-inflammatory (TNF-𝛼, HMGB1, IL-10, and MPO); Antioxidant (CAT, SOD, and 8-iso-PGF2𝛼)
Hydrogen-rich saline	Li et al. (2013) [45]	Sprague-Dawley rats	CLP	5 mL/Kg hydrogen-rich saline at 0, 6, and 18 h after CLP	Anti-inflammatory (TNF-𝛼, IL-6, HMGB1, IL-10, HMGB1, and MPO); Antioxidant (MDA, SOD)
2% hydrogen	Xie et al. (2012) [46]	C57BL/6 mice	CLP	2% H2 inhalation for 1 h and 6 h after CLP	Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
2% hydrogen or hydrogen-rich saline	Xie et al. (2012) [29]	C57BL/6 mice	25 ug LPS; (acute lung injury)	2% H2 inhalation for 1 h and 6 h after LPS given or 10 mL/Kg hydrogen-rich saline	Anti-inflammatory (TNF-𝛼, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, KC, MIP-1𝛼, MIP-2/MCP-1, and MPO); NF-κB signaling pathway; Inhibition of apoptosis (TUNEL, caspase-3)
2% hydrogen	Xie et al. (2010) [30, 47]	C57BL/6 mice	CLP	2% H2 inhalation for 1 h and 6 h after CLP	Anti-inflammatory (HMGB1, MPO); Antioxidant (CAT, SOD, and 8-iso-PGF2𝛼)
2% hydrogen	Xie et al. (2010) [16]	ICR mice	1 g/Kg zymosan; (inflammation model)	2% H2 inhalation for 1 h  and 6 h after zymosan injection	Anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, HMGB1); Antioxidant (SOD, 8-iso-PGF2𝛼)