Different Resting-State Functional Connectivity Alterations in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Internet Gaming Addiction
Table 1
Demographic and personality characteristics of the three groups.
Smokers with IGA ( = 29)
Nonsmoker with IGA ( = 22)
HCs ( = 30)
value ( value)
1-2
1-3
2-3
(Mean ± SD)
(Mean ± SD)
(Mean ± SD)
Age (years)
22.14 ± 2.54
21 ± 2.33
20.80 ± 2.91
2.08 (0.132)
Education (years)
10.17 ± 1.91
11.00 ± 1.37
10.5 ± 2.18
1.251 (0.29)
Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS)
78.69 ± 7.61
74.55 ± 8.98
41.60 ± 9.15
157.59 (<0.001)
0.08
<0.001
<0.001
Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)
56.38 ± 12.54
49.09 ± 9.24
46.37 ± 10.42
6.49 (0.002)
0.063
0.002
0.99
Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)
58.07 ± 9.70
52.36 ± 9.93
47.76 ± 8.42
9.26 (<0.001)
0.094
<0.001
0.24
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11)
63.41 ± 9.36
61.41 ± 8.43
47.77 ± 6.81
28.62 (<0.001)
0.9
<0.001
<0.001
FTND
6.51 ± 2.11
SD: standard deviation; HC: healthy controls; IGA: Internet gaming addiction; FTND: Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence. 1-2 for smokers with IGA group versus nonsmokers with IGA group, 1-3 for smokers with IGA group versus HC group. 2-3 for nonsmokers with IGA group versus HC group.