Biology of Ageing and Role of Dietary Antioxidants

Table 2

Effect of selected nutraceuticals or functional foods on ageing and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Phytochemical antioxidants	Dose	Mean lifespan extension	Molecular mechanism	Reference
Apple polyphenols	10 mg/mL	10%	Upregulate SOD1, SOD2, Cat, and Rpn11 genes. Downregulate MTH gene	[96]
Blueberry anthocyanin extract	5 mg/mL	10%	Upregulate SOD1, SOD2, Cat, and Rpn11. Downregulate MTH gene	[97]
Black rice anthocyanin extract	30 mg/mL	14%	Upregulate SOD1, SOD2, Cat, and Rpn11 genes. Downregulate MTH gene	[98]
Green tea catechin extract	10 mg/mL	16%	Upregulate CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and Cat genes	[60, 61]
Black tea theaflavins	5 mg/mL	10%	Increase CAT activity. Upregulate SOD1 and Cat genes	[80]
Sesamin	2 mg/mL	12%	Upregulate SOD1, SOD2, and Rpn11 genes.	[99]
Curcumin	100 μM	19%	Downregulate the expression of several aging-related genes, including TOR, InR, Hep, sun, and mth	[100]
Marine microalga DHA-rich extract	10 mg/mL	10%	Upregulate SOD1 and SOD2 genes. Downregulate MTH gene	[101]
Nectarine extract	4%	14–22%	Reduce the transcript level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), iron regulatory protein 1B (Irp-1B), 4E-BP. Influence the redox status and reduce oxidative damage indirectly through modulate the JNK signaling pathway.	[102]