Research Article
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities and Synergistic Combinations of Differential Solvent Extracts of the Polyherbal Product, Nefang
Table 3
Cytotoxicity profile (CC50), in vitro antiplasmodial activity (EC50), selectivity index (SI) of Nefang and constituent plant extracts.
| | Nature of extract | Extract | CC50
(µg/mL)
U2OS | CC50
(µg/mL)
Hep G2 | EC50
3D7
(µg/mL) | EC50
Dd2
(µg/mL) | Selectivity index
(SI = CC50-Hep G2/EC50-Dd2) |
| | Ethanol (EtOH) | Mangifera indica bark | >2000 | >2000 | 24.46 ± 0.03 | 14.00 ± 0.03** | >142.85* | | Mangifera indica leaf | >2000 | >2000 | 24.32 ± 0.03 | 16.34 ± 0.04 | >122.39* | | Psidium guajava | >2000 | >2000 | 37.28 ± 0.02 | 23.00 ± 0.03 | >86.95* | | Carica papaya | >2000 | >2000 | 76.03 ± 0.04 | 121.60 ± 0.11 | >16.44 | | Cymbopogon citratus | >2000 | >2000 | 28.75 ± 0.04 | 54.84 ± 0.01 | >36.47 | | Citrus sinensis | >2000 | >2000 | 39.34 ± 0.04 | 86.08 ± 0.14 | >23.34 | | Ocimum gratissimum | >2000 | >2000 | 81.46 ± 0.04 | 121.50 ± 0.08 | >16.46 | | Nefang | >2000 | >2000 | 51.10 ± 0.02 | 29.99 ± 0.04 | >68.44 |
| | Aqueous (Aq) | Mangifera indica bark | >2000 | >2000 | 65.33 ± 0.02 | 34.58 ± 0.03 | >57.84* | | Mangifera indica leaf | >2000 | >2000 | 82.56 ± 0.02 | 40.04 ± 0.03 | >49.95* | | Psidium guajava | >2000 | >2000 | 47.02 ± 0.03 | 25.79 ± 0.03 | >77.56* | | Carica papaya | >2000 | >2000 | 1188.00 ± 0.03 | 317.50 ± 0.09 | >6.29 | | Cymbopogon citratus | >2000 | >2000 | 723.30 ± 0.01 | 141.00 ± 0.07 | >14.18 | | Citrus sinensis | >2000 | >2000 | 184.40 ± 0.04 | 105.10 ± 0.08 | >19.03 | | Ocimum gratissimum | 1872.5 | >2000 | 778.50 ± 0.10 | 118.90 ± 0.09 | >16.82 | | Nefang | >2000 | >2000 | 96.96 ± 0.03 | 55.08 ± 0.03 | >36.31 |
| | Standard drugs | Chloroquine | — | — | 21.0 ± 0.01 nM | 139.60 ± 0.05 nM | — | | Artemisinin | — | — | 20.63 ± 0.01 nM | 18.20 ± 0.04 nM | — |
|
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EC50 3D7/Dd2 expressed as mean ± SEM, .
*SI (extract) > SI (Nefang): potentially safer and promising therapy; **best antiplasmodial activity.
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