Table 2
RCTs targeting neurotransmitter systems in recent years.
| | Mechanism | RCT | Status | Estimated end | Dementia stage | Enrollment | Duration | Reported outcomes | Details of drugs/RCTS |
| | Cholinergic agents | | | | | | | | | | AchE inhibitor | Huperzine A | Phase 2/3; completed | 2012.6 | Mild-to-moderate | 390 | 6 months | ↑cognitive function, daily living activity, global clinical assessment | A natural AChEI; antioxidant and neuroprotective properties [215] | | Ladostigil hemitartrate | Phase 2; ongoing | 2016.9 | MCI | 200 | 36 months | | Antioxidant properties; modulates APP processing | | Nicotinic receptor agonist | EVP-6124 | Phase 3; ongoing | 2017.7 | Mild-to-moderate | 790 | 26 weeks | Positive outcomes in a 24-week phase 2b RCT | | | RO5313534 | Phase 2; completed | 2010.11 | Mild-to-moderate | 389 | 6 months | | α7 nicotinic receptor agonist; as add-on therapy to donepezil | | Ispronicline (AZD3480) | Phase 2; ongoing | 2014.7 | Mild-to-moderate | 300 | 1 year | | α4β2 and α2β2 nicotinic receptor agonist | | MT-4666 | Phase 2; ongoing | 2015.5 | Mild-to-moderate | 450 | 24 weeks | | | | ABT-089 | Phase 2; terminated | 2013.10 | Mild-to-moderate | 434 | 24 weeks | | | | MK-7622 | Phase 2b; ongoing | 2017.8 | Mild-to-moderate | 830 | 12–24 weeks | As adjunctive therapy to donepezil | α7 receptor modulator |
| | Glutamatergic agents | AVP-923 | Phase 2; ongoing | 2014.9 | Mild-to-moderate | 200 | 10 weeks | Behavioral problems | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| | Serotoninergic agents | Lu AE58054 | Phase 3; ongoing* | 2016.1 | Mild-to-moderate | ≈2500 | | Positive results in a phase 2 RCT, 278 participants, 6 months; | Several phase3 RCTS with donepezil (AchEI); | | SB-742457 | Phase 2; completed | 2011.8 | Mild-to-moderate | 684 | 6 months | showed positive results | |
|
|
RCT: randomized controlled trial; AChEI: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid.
Data sources: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.
*RCTs with a combination of another drug.
|
