Development and Retranslational Validation of an In Vitro Model to Characterize Acute Infections in Large Human Joints

Figure 1

Detecting the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 in in vivo and in in vitro samples. Significantly elevated IL-1 level was detected by ELISA in lavage fluids from acutely infected knee joints ((a) **) as well as in cell culture supernatants upon an LPS challenge ((b) days 3, 7 ***, day 10 ^∗∗𝑃<0.01) or LPS PMA ((b) days 7–10, ***). Accordingly, mRNA expression increased significantly in CHDR ((c) LPS: days 3, 7 *, day 10 **, LPS PMA: day 7 **, day 10 *) and in SFB ((d) LPS: days 7, 10 **, LPS PMA: days 7, 10 *). Statistics: (a) Mann-Whitney test and (b)–(d) Student’s t-test, ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.005. ELISA data were normalized versus total protein content (TP).

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