Potential Biomarkers and Their Applications for Rapid and Reliable Detection of Malaria

Figure 4

Fabrication of a sandwich immunoassay using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. This approach used ALP-conjugated antibodies which produce 1-naphthol as the hydrolyzed product of 1-naphthylphosphate (the enzymatic substrate) for the amperometric detection of HRP II [116]. BSA: bovine serum albumin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.