Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Toxicity in Human Lung Cells: Role of ROS Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis

Table 2

DNA damage induction by CeO₂ NPs as evident by alkaline and fpg modified Comet assay in A549 cells after 6 h exposure.

Groups	OTM (arbitrary unit)		Tail DNA (%)
	Fpg (−)	Fpg (+)	Fpg (−)	Fpg (+)
Control	0.89±0.06	1.13±0.09	6.32±0.23	6.96±0.12
CeO2 NPs (1 μg/mL)	1.19±0.12^∗	1.68±0.14^∗#	7.76±0.38	10.81±0.28^∗∗#
CeO2 NPs (10 μg/mL)	1.55±0.07^∗∗	1.94±0.15^∗∗#	9.01±0.22^∗	11.82±0.24^∗∗#
CeO2 NPs (25 μg/mL)	1.73±0.08^∗∗	2.28±0.15^∗∗#	10.30±0.67^∗∗	13.45±0.18^∗∗#
CeO2 NPs (50 μg/mL)	1.89±0.07^∗∗	2.70±0.14^∗∗#	13.15±0.61^∗∗	15.63±0.26^∗∗#
CeO2 NPs (100 μg/mL)	2.13±0.07^∗∗	3.76±0.16^∗∗#	16.39±0.65^∗∗	18.04±0.27^∗∗#
Positive control-H2O2 (25 μM)	4.39±0.11^∗∗	6.33±0.14^∗∗#	23.67±1.58^∗∗	29.28±0.36^∗∗#

Comet slides were prepared according to defined protocol and 50 Comet cells were scored using fluorescence microscope. Results from three independent experiments in form of mean ± SEM were reported (^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 compared to respective control; ^#𝑃<0.05 when compared with respective values in standard Comet assay).