The Multifaceted Functions of CXCL10 in Cardiovascular Disease

Figure 1

The effect of CXCL10 on CXCR3 isoforms in mouse and human tissues. Schematic overview of CXCR3 isoform expression in mouse and human cells and its actions after CXCL10 binding. In mice, one isoform of CXCR3 receptor has been identified and known as an angiostatic receptor. CXCR3 is expressed by T lymphocytes (Th1), monocytes, NK cells, VSMCs and endothelial cells (low expression levels). After binding of CXCL10, the murine CXCR3 receptor mediates cell functions, such as chemotaxis, cell proliferation, migration, and survival. In humans, this isoform is known as CXCR3-A with similar expression patterns and functions. In addition, a second isoform, known as CXCR3-B, is identified in human binding CXCL10. This isoform is primarily expressed by endothelial cells and is known for its antiangiogenic properties. These include promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. CXCL10: chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 10; CXCR3: chemokine (c-x-c motif) receptor 3; ECs: endothelial cells; NK cell: natural killer cell; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells.