Enhanced Efficacy of Bleomycin in Bladder Cancer Cells by Photochemical Internalization
Figure 4
PCI elevates bleomycin-induced DNA damages and ATX-101 enhances PCI-bleomycin cytotoxicity. (a) Bleomycin and PCI-bleomycin induced DNA damages. Comet assay was performed at different intervals after incubation with 0.1 μg mL−1 (18 h), 50 IU mL−1 bleomycin (4 h), and illumination (light doses as indicated in Figure 1(b)) in sequence, or with the bleomycin treatment only. The data are from one representative experiment out of two experiments (mean of 500/700 cells ± SD). values were calculated using two-tailed Student’s -test and the values indicated that the level of DNA damage between bleomycin treatment and PCI-bleomycin, or between different time intervals of the same treatment, was significantly different. (b) Cell growth after treatment with PDT, bleomycin, ATX-101, PCI-bleomycin, and PCI-bleomycin in combination with E-64 or ATX-101. Cell survival fractions were determined 48 h after incubation with (18 h), bleomycin with/without ATX-101/E-64 (4 h), and light exposure in sequence (drug and light doses are shown in Table 1). Any PDT effect in the PCI combination treatments was reduced due to one additional washing (see Section 2.6 in Materials and Methods). The data are from one representative experiment out of three (mean of 12/24 wells ± SD). values were calculated using Student’s -test and the values indicated that cell growth after bleomycin-bleomycin and PCI-bleomycin-ATX-101 treatment were significantly different.
