Cell Microenvironment Engineering and Monitoring for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: The Recent Advances

Figure 2

Bone formation via endochondral pathway. An in vitro formed artificial cartilage successfully forms a bone containing bone marrow within 12 weeks. The in vitro grown tissue is a cartilaginous one as evidenced by the extensive safranin O staining; over time, the cartilaginous tissue has been gradually replaced by bone tissue, as can be seen by the extensive Masson’s Trichrome staining. Micro-CT images also showed the development of a bone like structure within 12 weeks. Reproduced from [8].