Determinants of Noninvasive Ventilation Outcomes during an Episode of Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Effects of Comorbidities and Causes of Respiratory Failure

Table 3

Numbers and types of acute and chronic comorbidities in the two groups of patients. Numbers in bold font represent the acute comorbidities.

	Total patients population (176 pts) 𝑛 (%)	42 NIV-failure	134 NIV-success	𝑃-value*  (failure versus success)
Charlson comorbidities
History myocardial infarction	26 (14.8)	2 (0.8)	24 (17.9)	/
Congestive heart failure	155 (88.1)	39 (92.9)	116 (86.6)	0.414
Peripheral vascular disease	20 (11.4)	5 (11.9)	15 (11.2)	1.00
Cerebrovascular disease	17 (9.7)	5 (11.9)	12 (8.9)	0.558
Chronic pulmonary disease	176 (100)	42 (100)	134 (100)	/
Dementia	25 (14.2)	11 (26.2)	14 (9.9)	0.02
Connective tissue disease	3 (1.7)	1 (2.4)	2 (1.5)	/
Peptic ulcer disease	8 (4.5)	1 (2.4)	7 (5.2)	/
Mild liver disease	3 (1.7)	2 (4.8)	1 (0.7)	/
Diabetes without end-organ damage	28 (15.9)	5 (11.9)	23 (17.2)	0.479
Hemiplegia	8 (4.5)	2 (4.8)	6 (4.5)	/
Moderate or severe renal disease	32 (18.2)	12 (28.6)	20 (14.9)	0.065
Acute on chronic	8 (4.5)	5 (11.9)	3 (2.2)
Diabetes with end-organ damage	15 (8.5)	2 (4.8)	13 (9.7)	/
Glycemia > 200 mg/dL			5 (3.73)
Tumor without metastases	11 (6.2)	1 (2.4)	10 (7.5)	/
Leukemia	1 (0.6)	1 (2.4)	0	/
Lymphoma	3 (1.7)	0	3 (2.2)	/
Moderate or severe liver disease	0	0	0	/
Metastatic solid tumor	6 (3.4)	4 (9.5)	2 (1.5)	/
AIDS	0	0	0	/
Others comorbidities
Pulmonary embolism	5 (2.8)	2 (4.8)	3 (2.2)	0.594
Obstructive sleep apnea	10 (5.7)	1 (2.4)	9 (6.7)	0.455
Diaphragmatic paralysis	7 (4)	5 (11.9)	2 (1.5)	0.009
Fibrothorax	10 (5.7)	1 (2.4)	9 (6.7)	0.455
Bed-ridden syndrome	22 (12.5)	5 (11.9)	17 (12.7)	1.000
Obesity	28 (15.9)	2 (4.8)	26 (19.4)	0.028
Pneumothorax	10 (5.7)	3 (7.1)	7 (5.2)	0.704
Kyphoscoliosis	5 (2.8)	0	5 (3.7)	0.340
Pneumonectomy	2 (1.1)	0	2 (1.5)	1.000
Acute myasthenia	1 (0.6)	0	1 (0.7)	1.000