Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Assessment before Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Table 2

Univariate analysis of potential factors affecting survival outcomes.

Potential factor	Progression-free survival		Overall survival
	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value
Age at diagnosis (<60 years versus ≥60 years)	0.86 (0.46–1.58)	0.624	0.55 (0.12–2.51)	0.439
Sex (F versus M)	1.09 (0.63–1.90)	0.750	4.41 (0.96–10.13)	0.056
Immunoglobulin type (others versus Light chain only)	1.01 (0.56–1.82)	0.965	1.15 (0.35–3.83)	0.816
Durie-Salmon stage at diagnosis (II versus III)	1.08 (0.57–2.06)	0.821	1.19 (0.32–4.43)	0.791
Cytogenetics (standard versus High risk)	2.22 (1.20–4.10)	0.011	5.35 (1.71–16.71)	0.004
BMPCs at diagnosis (%) (continuous)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.549	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.254
Serum calcium at diagnosis (<10 mg/dL versus ≥10 mg/dL)	1.59 (0.85–2.97)	0.151	3.42 (1.09–10.78)	0.036
Serum creatinine at diagnosis (<2 mg/dL versus ≥2 mg/dL)	0.81 (0.38–1.72)	0.583	1.73 (0.47–6.40)	0.413
β2-microglobulin at diagnosis (<5.5 mg/dL versus ≥5.5 mg/dL)	1.56 (0.89–2.71)	0.119	1.36 (0.43–4.30)	0.601
Hemoglobin at diagnosis (≥10 g/dL versus <10 g/dL)	1.20 (0.69–2.08)	0.524	1.17 (0.37–3.70)	0.786
Serum lactate dehydrogenase at diagnosis (<450 U/L versus ≥450 U/L)	1.47 (0.85–2.56)	0.169	1.58 (0.50–5.00)	0.433
Induction therapy (novel agents* versus nonnovel)	0.97 (0.45–2.06)	0.927	0.50 (0.06–3.86)	0.504
Duration from diagnosis to ASCT (<6 mo versus ≥6 mo)	0.79 (0.45–1.39)	0.412	0.65 (0.21–2.05)	0.460
Maintenance therapy after ASCT (no versus yes)	1.02 (0.54–1.93)	0.945	0.79 (0.21–2.97)	0.723
Serologic response before PBSC mobilization (CR versus non-CR)	2.41 (1.30–4.45)	0.005	2.27 (0.61–8.44)	0.222
Serologic response after PBSC mobilization (CR versus non-CR)^†	2.77 (1.53–5.04)	0.001	1.96 (0.59–6.55)	0.274
BMPCs before PBSC mobilization (<5% versus ≥5%)	2.23 (1.26–3.95)	0.006	1.35 (0.40–4.53)	0.623
Response before PBSC mobilization^‡  (<5% + CR versus <5% + non-CR versus ≥5% + CR versus ≥5% + non-CR)	1.98 (0.97–4.02); 1.44 (0.32–6.41); 3.83 (1.81–8.11)	0.005	3.45 (0.69–17.18); 4.94 (0.44–54.99); 2.58 (0.43–15.61)	0.443

ASCT: autologous stem cell transplantation; BMPCs: bone marrow plasma cells; CI: confidential interval; CR: complete response; non-CR: noncomplete response; RR: relative risk.
*Novel agents for induction therapies included proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drug.
^†Serologic responses before and after PBSC mobilization were correlated. Therefore, serologic response after PBSC mobilization was not entered into the multivariate model.
^‡BMPCs + serologic CR.