Research Article
The Relationship between Independent Transfer Skills and Upper Limb Kinetics in Wheelchair Users
Table 3
The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) of the kinetic variables normalized by body mass (kg).
| | Variables | Trailing
(right) side | Leading
(left) side | | Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) |
| | Shoulder | | | | AveRF (N/Kg) | 2.98 (±0.75) | 2.52 (±0.54) | | MaxRF (N/Kg) | 4.54 (±1.10) | 4.24 (±0.97) | | MaxRFRate (N/secKg) | 15.95 (±6.09) | 13.14 (±5.72) | | AveRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.53 (±0.26) | 0.60 (±0.17) | | MaxRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.87 (±0.38) | 1.06 (±0.25) | | MaxRMRate (Nm/secKg) | 3.36 (±1.95) | 3.96 (±1.38) | | MaxSupF (N/Kg) | 1.58 (±0.70) | 2.18 (±1.14) | | MaxPosF (N/Kg) | 3.22 (±1.17) | 3.23 (±0.95) | | MaxIRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.10 (±0.11) | 0.10 (±0.15) | | MaxAbdM (Nm/Kg) | 0.43 (±0.21) | 0.42 (±0.26) | | MaxExtenM (Nm/Kg) | 0.41 (±0.30) | 0.70 (±0.32) |
| | Elbow | | | | AveRF (N/Kg) | 2.76 (±0.71) | 2.37 (±0.59) | | MaxRF (N/Kg) | 4.35 (±1.07) | 4.20 (±1.03) | | MaxRFRate (N/secKg) | 16.06 (±6.00) | 4.66 (±2.91) | | AveRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.38 (±0.16) | 0.21 (±0.10) | | MaxRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.62 (±0.23) | 0.39 (±0.15) | | MaxRMRate (Nm/secKg) | 2.43 (±1.18) | 1.85 (±0.89) |
| | Wrist | | | | AveRF (N/Kg) | 2.69 (±0.70) | 2.34 (±0.61) | | MaxRF (N/Kg) | 4.29 (±1.05) | 4.19 (±1.06) | | MaxRFRate (N/secKg) | 16.21 (±6.08) | 13.17 (±5.74) | | AveRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.22 (±0.06) | 0.15 (±0.08) | | MaxRM (Nm/Kg) | 0.35 (±0.09) | 0.26 (±0.14) | | MaxRMRate (Nm/secKg) | 1.34 (±0.57) | 0.86 (±0.46) |
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Ave: average; Max: maximum; RF: resultant force; RFRate: rate of rise of resultant force; RM: resultant moment; RMRate: rate of rise of resultant moment; SupF: superior force; PosF: posterior force; IRM: internal rotation moment; AbdM: abduction moment; ExtenM: extension moment.
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