Review Article
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Relationship with Diagnostic Challenge
Table 3
Proportions, locations, and gender distribution of UCs and UTUCs in kidney transplant recipients.
| Reference (country) | Proportion in kidney transplant recipients | Proportion in kidney transplant recipients with urothelial carcinomas | Kidney transplant recipients () | Urothelial carcinoma (%) | Female (%) | Multifocal (%) | Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (%) |
| Einollahi et al. [44] (Iran) | 5532 | 7 (0.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | Hoshida et al. [47] (Japan) | 1744 | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Cox and Colli [43] (USA) | 5920 | 11 (0.2%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | Elkentaoui et al. [45] (France) | 1350 | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | Karczewski et al. [48] (Poland) | 836 | 3 (0.4%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | Rogers et al. [50] (UK) | 1647 | 8 (0.5%) | NA
| 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | Gaya et al. [46] (UK) | 274 | 3 (1.1%) | NA
| 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | Melchior et al. [49] (Germany) | 802 | 8 (1.0%) | NA | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | Tsaur et al. [51] (Germany) | 2001 | 21 (1.1%) | 12 (57.1%) | 4 (19.1%) | 6 (28.6%) | Liu et al. [38] (China) | 2572 | 24 (0.9%) | 14 (58.3%) | 15 (62.5%) | 21 (87.5%) | Hao et al. [33] (China) | 1945 | 19 (1.0%) | NA | 7 (36.8%) | 15 (79.0%) | Hu et al. [34] (China) | 1293 | 21 (1.6%) | 17 (81.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | 15 (71.4%) | Li et al. [36] (China) | 1429 | 27 (1.9%) | 21 (77.8%) | 3 (11.1%) | 11 (40.7%) | Xiao et al. [41] (China) | 3790 | 100 (2.6%) | NA | 53 (58.9%)* | 68 (75.6%)
| Liao et al. [37] (Taiwan) | 663 | 17 (2.6%) | NA
| 11 (64.7%) | 14 (82.4%) | Wang et al. [39] (Taiwan) | 320 | 10 (3.1%) | 8 (80.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 6 (60.0%) | Zhang et al. [42] (China) | 3462 | 112 (3.2%) | NA | 69 (61.6%) | 93 (83.0%) | Kao et al. [35] (Taiwan) | 670 | 24 (3.6%) | 15 (62.5%) | 19 (79.2%) | 21 (87.5%) | Wu et al. [40] (Taiwan) | 730 | 30 (4.1%) | 19 (63.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | 28 (93.3%) |
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NA: not available.
*Based on 90 UC patients meeting the inclusion criteria of pathological samples.
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