Environmental Enrichment Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity through the PPAR-γ Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

Sevoflurane downregulated PPAR-γ expression. (a-b) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis plots for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-) γ target gene set and PPAR signaling gene set in the microarray dataset are shown. The PPAR-γ target gene signature and PPAR signaling pathway signature were highly enriched in control samples than in sevoflurane-treated samples, thus indicating that PPAR-γ signaling is downregulated by sevoflurane. (c) The heat map of PPAR-γ target genes in control and sevoflurane-treated samples is shown. (d) Exposure to 3% sevoflurane for 2 h daily from P6 to P8 downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ in the brain tissue of mice and the hippocampal tissues of mice. (e) Quantification of western blots () confirmed that sevoflurane downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ. (f) Quantification of western blots () confirmed that sevoflurane downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ. NES: normalized enrichment scores; FWER: familywise error rate; RXRA: Rerinoid X receptor alpha.

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