Relationship between Hyperuricemia and Lipid Profiles in US Adults
Table 2
Adjusted differences (95% CI) in serum lipids, triglycerides to HDL cholesterol ratio, and apolipoprotein-B to AI ratio comparing the four higher quartiles to the first quartile of serum uric acid.
Serum uric acid levels (mol/L)
1st (≦238)
2nd (239–286)
3rd (287–327)
4th (328–381)
5th (≧382)
for trend
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.22 (0.17, 0.27)
0.32 (0.26, 0.37)
0.43 (0.37, 0.49)
0.46 (0.41, 0.52)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.18 (0.10, 0.27)
0.19 (0.10, 0.28)
0.24 (0.15, 0.33)
0.30 (0.20, 0.39)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.17 (0.09, 0.26)
0.19 (0.10, 0.28)
0.23 (0.14, 0.32)
0.29 (0.19, 0.39)
<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.18 (0.14, 0.22)
0.28 (0.23, 0.32)
0.46 (0.41, 0.50)
0.66 (0.62, 0.71)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.12 (0.06, 0.18)
0.11 (0.05, 0.18)
0.25 (0.19, 0.32)
0.33 (0.26, 0.40)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.12 (0.06, 0.18)
0.10 (0.03, 0.17)
0.27 (0.20, 0.33)
0.33 (0.26, 0.41)
<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
−0.04 (−0.05, −0.02)
−0.08 (−0.09, −0.06)
−0.12 (−0.13, −0.10)
−0.16 (−0.17, −0.14)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
−0.02 (−0.04, 0.00)
−0.05 (−0.08, −0.03)
−0.07 (−0.10, −0.05)
−0.08 (−0.11, −0.05)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
−0.01 (−0.04, 0.01)
−0.05 (−0.07, −0.02)
−0.08 (−0.10, −0.05)
−0.08 (−0.11, −0.05)
<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.10 (0.03, 0.18)
0.19 (0.12, 0.27)
0.28 (0.21, 0.36)
0.24 (0.16, 0.32)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.08 (−0.04, 0.19)
0.13 (0.01, 0.25)
0.21 (0.09, 0.33)
0.14 (0.01, 0.27)
0.015
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.08 (−0.03, 0.20)
0.13 (0.01, 0.24)
0.20 (0.08, 0.33)
0.14 (0.01, 0.27)
0.022
Apolipoprotein-B (g/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.05 (0.03, 0.07)
0.08 (0.06, 0.10)
0.12 (0.10, 0.14)
0.15 (0.13, 0.17)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.04 (0.01, 0.07)
0.03 (0.00, 0.06)
0.06 (0.03, 0.09)
0.08 (0.05, 0.12)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.04 (0.02, 0.07)
0.03 (0.00, 0.06)
0.06 (0.03, 0.09)
0.09 (0.05, 0.12)
<0.001
Lipoprotein (a) (g/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.01 (−0.12, 0.03)
0.02 (0.00, 0.04)
0.01 (−0.01, 0.03)
0.00 (−0.02, 0.02)
0.962
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)
0.02 (−0.02, 0.05)
0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)
0.02 (−0.02, 0.05)
0.373
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.01 (−0.03, 0.04)
0.01 (−0.03, 0.04)
0.01 (−0.02, 0.05)
0.00 (−0.03, 0.04)
0.559
Apolipoprotein AI (g/L)
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
−0.01 (−0.02, 0.01)
−0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)
−0.04 (−0.06, −0.02)
−0.04 (−0.06, −0.02)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.03 (0.01, 0.05)
−0.03 (−0.05, 0.00)
−0.01 (−0.03, 0.02)
0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)
0.740
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.03 (0.00, 0.05)
−0.02 (−0.05, 0.00)
−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)
0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)
0.738
Triglycerides to HDL cholesterol ratio
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.16 (0.11, 0.21)
0.27 (0.21, 0.32)
0.48 (0.42, 0.53)
0.72 (0.67, 0.78)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.09 (0.01, 0.17)
0.10 (0.02, 0.18)
0.27 (0.19, 0.36)
0.33 (0.25, 0.42)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.08 (0.00, 0.17)
0.08 (0.00, 0.17)
0.29 (0.20, 0.37)
0.35 (0.0.26, 0.44)
<0.001
Apolipoprotein-B to AI ratio
Model 1
0.00 (Reference)
0.04 (0.02, 0.05)
0.07 (0.06, 0.09)
0.11 (0.09, 0.12)
0.14 (0.12, 0.15)
<0.001
Model 2
0.00 (Reference)
0.02 (0.00, 0.04)
0.04 (0.01, 0.06)
0.05 (0.02, 0.08)
0.06 (0.03, 0.09)
<0.001
Model 3
0.00 (Reference)
0.02 (0.00, 0.05)
0.03 (0.01, 0.06)
0.05 (0.03.0.08)
0.06 (0.03, 0.09)
<0.001
Adjusted covariates: model 1 = age, gender, and race; model 2 = model 1 + waist, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol drink, cotinine level, and antihyperlipidemic drug use; model 3 = model 2 + intake of total energy (kcal/day), protein (g/day), carbohydrates (g/day), total fats (g/day), cholesterol (mg/day), and total saturated fatty acids (g/day).
