Aortic Arch Calcification Predicts the Renal Function Progression in Patients with Stage 3 to 5 Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Clinical features and biochemical data of patients among study groups.

	Total	AoAC(−) CM(−)	AoAC(−) CM(+)	AoAC(+) CM(−)	AoAC(+) CM(+)	value
	()	()	()	()	()
Age (years)	67.6 ± 13.2	60.2 ± 13.2	60.8 ± 13.7	71.1 ± 10.0^ab	72.6 ± 11.6^ab	<0.0001
Gender, male (%)	148 (62)	46 (71)	15 (58)	36 (66)	51 (56)	0.264
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.5 ± 4.3	23.7 ± 3.5	24.9 ± 3.8	23.4 ± 3.2	26.5 ± 5.0^ac	<0.0001
Diabetes (%)	109 (46)	24 (37)	10 (39)	22 (40)	53 (58)	0.010
UPCR (mg/g)	1313.3 ± 2197.8	846.1 ± 1319.6	1600.2 ± 3129.3	887.9 ± 1387.2	1908.4 ± 2714.6^a	0.028
Hemoglobin (mg/dL)	11.8 ± 2.4	12.2 ± 2.2	12.2 ± 2.8	11.6 ± 2.5	11.4 ± 2.4	0.149
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	2.5 ± 1.2	2.3 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 1.6	2.7 ± 1.3	2.5 ± 1.1	0.207
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	30.3 ± 15.6	34.6 ± 15.6	31.1 ± 19.7	27.9 ± 14.9	29.3 ± 14.4	0.086
Sodium (meq/L)	140.3 ± 2.8	140.8 ± 2.1	140.5 ± 2.6	140.3 ± 2.6	140.0 ± 3.2	0.397
Potassium (meq/L)	4.4 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.6	4.3 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.6	0.805
Calcium (mg/dL)	8.9 ± 0.5	8.9 ± 0.5	9.0 ± 0.5	8.8 ± 0.4	8.9 ± 0.6	0.584
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.7 ± 0.8	3.6 ± 0.9	3.7 ± 0.9	3.7 ± 0.7	3.7 ± 0.8	0.897
Ca × P	32.2 ± 8.4	32.2 ± 8.7	32.7 ± 8.0	32.6 ± 5.8	31.7 ± 9.6	0.935
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.1 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.5	4.1 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.6^ac	0.004
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	194.8 ± 61.7	209.9 ± 89.2	181.4 ± 30.4	190.7 ± 45.2	190.6 ± 52.5	0.186
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	163.4 ± 118.5	164.1 ± 118.2	190.6 ± 121.9	150.8 ± 132.7	163.8 ± 108.7	0.637
HDL	48.2 ± 15.3	49.7 ± 16.4	46.8 ± 15.1	51.9 ± 14.7	45.1 ± 14.4	0.124
LDL	115.8 ± 53.9	134.7 ± 81.2	95.7 ± 26.7^a	114.2 ± 34.8	108.7 ± 39.9	0.023

BMI: body mass index; UPCR: urine protein-creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; AoAC: aortic arch calcification; CM: cardiomegaly; compared with AoAC(−) CM(−); compared with AoAC(−) CM(+); compared with AoAC(+) CM(−).