Research Article
Urban Rural Comparisons of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Burden among Adolescent Girls in a Hospital Setting in India
Table 1
It shows sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical activity level, and menstrual problems of urban and rural participants.
| | Variables assessed | Rural % () | Urban % () | Total % () | value |
| | Age | Mean = 17; SD = 2 | Mean = 16; SD = 2 | Mean = 16; SD = 2 | .50 | | Type of family | | | | | | Nuclear | 63% (40) | 87% (55) | 75% (95) | .002 | | Joint | 37% (23) | 13% (8) | 25% (31) | | Family size | Mean = 6; SD = 2 | Mean = 5; SD = 1 | Mean = 6; SD = 2 | .13 | | Annual household income, INR | Mean = 135,682; SD = 28,725 | Mean = 134,523; SD = 19,494 | Mean = 135,103; SD = 24,456 | .79 | | Highest education level of participant | | | | | | ≤high school | 19% (12) | 27% (17) | 23% (29) | .31 | | Intermediate (11th-12th grade) | 48% (30) | 51% (32) | 49% (62) | | Some college | 33% (21) | 22% (14) | 28% (35) | | Anthropometric characteristics | | | | | | BMI (kg/m2) | Mean = 21; SD = 3 | Mean = 22; SD = 4 | Mean = 21; SD = 3 | .27 | | Underweight (<18.5) | 11% (7) | 19% (12) | 14% (18) | .15 | | Normal (18.5–24.9) | 83% (52) | 67% (42) | 71% (92) | | Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 6% (4) | 11% (7) | 9% (11) | | Obese (30–34.9) | | 3% (2) | 2% (2) | | Waist circumference (cm) | Mean = 76; SD = 9 | Mean = 71; SD = 9 | Mean = 73; SD = 9 | .22 | | Hip circumference (cm) | Mean = 89; SD = 8 | Mean = 84; SD = 8 | Mean = 87; SD = 8 | .20 | | Waist-hip ratio | Mean = .85; SD = .03 | Mean = .84; SD = .05 | Mean = .84; SD = .04 | .03 | | Weight gain during past 3 months | 5% (3) | 48% (30) | 26% (33) | <.0001 | | Physical activity, vigorous | 38% (24) | 10% (6) | 24% (30) | <.0001 | | Menstrual history | | | | | | Age at menarche (years) | Mean = 12; SD = 1 | Mean = 12; SD = 1 | Mean = 12; SD = 1 | .24 | | Bleeding duration per cycle (Days) | Mean = 4; SD = 2 | Mean = 5; SD = 4 | Mean = 5; SD = 3 | .02 | | Frequency of cycle | | | | | | ≤9 menses/year | 19% (12) | 67% (42) | 43% (54) | <.0001 | | Menstrual disorders | | | | | | Oligomenorrhea | 16% (10) | 40% (25) | 28% (35) | <.0001 | | Secondary amenorrhea | 10% (6) | 25% (16) | 18% (22) | | Complaining of leucorrhoea | 8% (5) | 24% (15) | 16% (20) | <.015 | | Irregular menses with weight gain | 2% (1) | 37% (23) | 19% (24) | <.0001 | | Hirsutism (hair growth) | | | | | | Lips | 86% (54) | 98% (62) | 92% (116) | .03 | | Chin | 62% (39) | 75% (47) | 68% (86) | .24 | | Chest | 51% (32) | 60% (38) | 56% (70) | .48 | | Upper abdomen | 41% (26) | 71% (45) | 56% (71) | .006 | | Lower abdomen | 43% (27) | 60% (38) | 52% (65) | .03 | | Arms | 63% (40) | 75% (47) | 69% (87) | .02 | | Thighs | 56% (35) | 81% (51) | 68% (86) | .001 | | Upper back | 52% (33) | 62% (39) | 57% (72) | .32 | | Lower back | 46% (29) | 65% (41) | 56% (70) | .01 | | Total hirsutism score criteria | | | | | | ≤8 (normal) | 60% (38) | 45% (28) | 52% (66) | .04 | | 9–15 (mild) | 35% (22) | 38% (24) | 37% (46) | | >15 (moderate to severe) | 5% (3) | 17% (11) | 11% (14) | | Excess androgen activity | 40% (25) | 57% (35) | 48% (60) | .001 | | Polycystic ovaries (ultrasound) | 46% (29) | 75% (47) | 63% (76) | .05 | | Testosterone level (pg/mL) | M = 2.5; SD = 1.6 | M = 2.4; SD = 1.5 | M = 2.4; SD = 1.6 | .77 | | Prolactin (µg/L) | M = 15; SD = 3.3 | M = 14.5; SD = 1.5 | M = 14.7; SD = 3.2 | .51 | | (ng/dL) | M = 153; SD = 24 | M = 150; SD = 22 | M = 152; SD = 23 | .43 | | (µg/dL) | M = 10; SD = 7 | M = 8; SD = 3 | M = 9.3; SD = 5 | .08 | | TSH (µU/mL) | M = 3; SD = 1.5 | M = 2.5; SD = 1.5 | M = 2.8; SD = 1.5 | .09 | | NIH criteria | | | | | | Yes | 14% (9) | 35% (22) | 25% (31) | .007 | | No | 86% (54) | 65% (41) | 75% (95) | | Rotterdam criteria (any two elements of the total three) | | | | | | Yes | 30% (19) | 76% (48) | 53% (67) | <.0001 | | No | 70% (44) | 24% (15) | 47% (59) | | Rotterdam Consensus (all of the three elements) | | | | | | Yes | 11% (7) | 25% (16) | 18% (23) | .03 | | No | 89% (56) | 75% (47) | 82% (103) |
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