An In Vivo Study of Low-Dose Intra-Articular Tranexamic Acid Application with Prolonged Clamping Drain Method in Total Knee Replacement: Clinical Efficacy and Safety
Table 1
Patients’ characteristics data.
Group
value
2 h
4 h
6 h
8 h
10 h
12 h
Female gender■
4 (80)
2 (40)
4 (80)
4 (80)
5 (100)
3 (60)
0.36
Age, year◆
69 ± 7
72 ± 6
68 ± 7
67 ± 9
68 ± 4
74 ± 9
0.58
Height, cm◆
152 ± 5
155 ± 7
162 ± 11
153 ± 10
150 ± 5
158 ± 4
0.38
Weight, kg◆
61 ± 6
62 ± 6
67 ± 5
66 ± 10
67 ± 7
63 ± 4
0.68
BMI, kg/m2◆
27 ± 2
26 ± 2
27 ± 3
29 ± 3
30 ± 3
25 ± 1
0.16
ASA physical status, grade I/II
2/3
3/2
3/2
3/2
1/4
1/4
0.56
Right side■
2 (40)
3 (60)
3 (60)
5 (100)
4 (80)
2 (40)
0.32
Preoperative laboratory values◆
Hemoglobin, g/dL
13.5 ± 0.8
13.5 ± 1.5
12.7 ± 1.3
12.3 ± 1.4
12.1 ± 0.7
14.0 ± 2.0
0.26
Platelet count, ×103/mm3
267 ± 48
275 ± 70
267 ± 84
251 ± 40
283 ± 72
255 ± 83
0.97
Prothrombin time, sec
11.7 ± 0.5
11.6 ± 0.8
11.5 ± 0.2
11.7 ± 0.7
11.9 ± 1.3
11.6 ± 0.4
0.96
Partial thromboplastin time, sec
28.1 ± 2.4
32.4 ± 0.8
27.7 ± 4.6
27.7 ± 4.6
24.4 ± 1.8
28.3 ± 8.9
0.53
Thrombin time, sec
10.7 ± 0.3
10.8 ± 0.5
10.5 ± 0.5
10.8 ± 1.1
10.3 ± 0.5
10.4 ± 0.5
0.60
INR
1.02 ± 0.04
1.01 ± 0.07
1.00 ± 0.02
1.01 ± 0.06
1.04 ± 0.10
1.01 ± 0.03
0.95
D-dimer, ng/mL
209 ± 64
348 ± 253
190 ± 70
184 ± 84
289 ± 176
335 ± 183
0.37
Fibrinogen, mg/dL
310 ± 37
310 ± 79
357 ± 68
338 ± 108
434 ± 122
442 ± 138
0.21
■: value presented as number of subjects (percentage), ◆: value presented as mean ± standard deviation.
