BioMed Research International

Review Article

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Study Makes High-Density Lipoprotein a Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Table 1

Selected studies of MS-based HDL proteomics.


Disease	Study population	Quantitative strategy	MS approach	Validation	Major findings

CAD with PTCA [78]	CAD ()	¹⁶O/¹⁸O and iTRAQ labeling, IEF and SCX seperation	Nano-LC- MS/MS	None	Protective properties of HDL might be impaired after PTCA

ACS [98]	ACS (), healthy ()	2D-DIGE	MALDI-TOF-TOF	ELISA Western blot	Functional HDL subfractions shifted to dysfunctional HDL subfractions during ACS

CAD [99]	CAD (), ACS (), and healthy ()	1D-PAGE and label-free quantification (peptide index)	Nano-LC-MS/MS	ELISA IHC Western blot	A reduced clusterin and increased apolipoprotein C-III content of HDL in CAD and ACS as mechanisms leading to altered effects on endothelial apoptosis

Hemodialysis (HD) [79]	HD (), healthy ()	iTRAQ with IEF fractionation	LC-MALDI-TOF	ELISA	Increase of apoCII/apoCIII and the decrease of serotransferrin in HDL of HD patients

CAD ACS [80]	Healthy (), CAD (), and ACS ()	Label-free quantification (spectral counts and emPAI)	Nano-LC-MS/MS	Immunoblot or ELISA	Increased abundance of SAA, C3, and other inflammatory proteins in HDL from ACS patients suggests that HDL reflects a shift to an inflammatory profile

AMI [82]	AMI (), FH (), and healthy ()	2D-PAGE	MALDI-TOF	ELISA Western blot	TTR values are reduced in patients with high cardiovascular risk

Uremia [81]	ESRD (), healthy (), and CKD ()	1D-PAGE, label-free method with peptide index	Nano-LC-MS/MS	ELISA Western blot	SAA in ESRD-HDL can promote inflammatory cytokine production

CAD [8]	CAD (), healthy ()	MALDI-TOF peptide profiling	MALDI-TOF-TOF	MALDI-TOF	Developed a MALDI-TOF pattern containing peptides from apoA-I (oxidation at Met (112)), apoC-III (upregulated), lipoprotein(a) (upregulated), and apoC-I (downregulated) to classify CAD and control subjects

PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, ACS: acute coronary syndromes, AMI: acute myocardial infarction, CVD: cardiovascular disease, CAD: coronary artery disease, EBI: European Bioinformatic Institute, FH: familiar hypercholesterolemia, MI: myocardial infarction, MS: mass spectrometer, UC: ultracentrifugation, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, HD: hemodialysis.