Review Article

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Ocular Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 3

Summary of the results specific to location of infection.

Location of NTM infectionsTotal casesEtiologyMedical treatmentSurgical treatmentOutcomes

Orbital infections11(i) Orbital reconstruction/Fracture repair 4/11 (36.4%)
(ii) Orbital Implant
5/11 (45.5%)
Systemic ATB combination
(>2 ATB) 6/11 (54.6%)
Excision of lesion
3/11 (37.5%)
(i) Resolution
7/10 (70%)
(ii) VA of 20/200 or worse
3/10 (30%)
(iii) Prolonged course
4/10 (40%)

Eyelid/periocular skin infections28(i) Ptosis Repair and/or Blepharoplasty
22/28 (78.6%)
(ii) Implants
9/28 (32.1%)
Systemic ATB combination
(>2 ATB) 14/28 (50%)
(i) Excision/incision and drainage/debridement
13/28 (46.4%)
(ii) Removal of implant
7/28 (25%)
(i) Resolution
22/28 (78.5%)
(ii) Prolonged course
6/28 (21.4%)

Lacrimal system infections17(i) Implants
13/17 (76.5%)
(ii) Punctal Plug or Lacrimal Tube Insertions
9/17 (52.9%) 
(iii) DCR +/− stent placement 5/17 (29.4%)
Topical + systemic
7/17 (41.2%)
Removal of implant
10/17 (58.8%)
(i) Resolution
13/17 (76.5%)
(ii) Prolonged course
3/17 (17.6%)

Keratitis290(i) LASIK
130/273 (47.6%)
(ii) Trauma
43/264 (14.8%)
(iii) Foreign body
51/211 (17.6%)
(iv) Contact lenses
19/276 (6.4%)
(v) Implants
44/254 (17.3%)
(i) Topical
108/203 (53.2%)*
(ii) Topical + systemic
85/203 (41.9%)*
(i) Removal of
corneal flap
49/283 (17.3%) 
(ii) PKP
40/283 (14.1%)
(i) Resolution
190/235 (80.9%)
(ii) VA 20/40 or better
112/204 (54.9%)
(iii) VA of 20/200 or worse
40/204 (19.6%)

Scleritis 18Scleral buckling
14/18 (77.8%)
Topical
16/17 (94.1%)
Explanation of buckle
13/17 (76.5%)
(i) Resolution
16/17 (94.1%)
(ii) VA of 20/200 or worse
10/14 (71.4%)

Endophthalmitis44Cataract surgery (IOL insertion)
18/37 (48.6%)
(i) Intraocular + topical/systemic/periocular
14/38 (36.8%)
(ii) Intraocular
5/38 (13.2%)
PPV
13/37 (35.1%)
(i) Resolution
12/36 (33.3%)
(ii) Loss of eye
12/36 (33.3%)
(iii) Loss of vision
12/36 (33.3%)

Uveitis9HIV/AIDS
5/9 (55.6%)
Systemic/topical + systemic
6/9 (66.7%)
(i) PPV
1/8 (12.5%)
(ii) Evisceration
1/8 (12.5%)
(iii) Enucleation
1/8 (12.5%)
(i) Resolution
4/9 (44.4%)
(ii) Loss of eye
3/9 (33.3%)
(iii) VA 20/40 or better 2/4 (50%)

Denominator differs from total number of cases due to missing data.
*Analysis was done based on infections that led to eventual resolution without loss of vision.