Hemodynamic and Biologic Determinates of Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes in Renal Failure Patients

Figure 4

Schematic of vascular endothelium. Shear stress induces calcium dependent activation of nitric oxide synthetase resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. Figure reprinted by permission from Molecular Diversity Presevation International: International Journal Molecular Science, 13, 2012.