Body Composition Indices and Predicted Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile among Urban Dwellers in Malaysia

Table 1

Characteristics and predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (n = 882).

Characteristic	Value	Predicted CVD risk; mean (95% confidence interval)
Age, y
30 to 39	228 (22.85)	3.77 (3.31–4.24)
40 to 49	287 (32.54)	9.01 (8.16–9.86)
50 to 59	209 (23.70)	15.50 (14.25–16.76)
≥60	158 (17.91)	21.00 (19.62–22.38)
-test (prob.)		201.08^**
Gender
Male	374 (42.40)	15.59 (14.59–16.60)
Female	508 (57.60)	8.21 (7.51–8.91)
-test (prob.)		12.21^**
Ethnicity
Malaysian	723 (81.97)	11.09 (10.41–11.78)
Indian	144 (16.33)	12.36 (10.62–14.10)
Chinese/Others	15 (1.70)	13.62 (7.85–19.39)
-test (prob.)		1.48
Education
None	70 (8.16)	15.65 (13.14–18.16)
Primary	195 (22.73)	14.25 (12.83–15.68)
Secondary	551 (64.22)	9.70 (8.98–10.42)
Tertiary	42 (4.90)	6.00 (3.82–8.19)
-test (prob.)		22.67^**
Income, MYR
<1000	168 (19.05)	12.52 (10.96–14.08)
1000–1999	352 (39.91)	10.73 (9.75–11.71)
2000–2999	205 (23.24)	10.55 (9.30–11.80)
≥3000	133 (15.08)	10.76 (9.28–12.24)
-test (prob.)		1.76
Occupation
Paid-employee	332 (38.69)	9.16 (8.28–10.04)
Self-employed	131 (15.27)	13.44 (11.68–15.21)
Homemaker	223 (25.99)	7.40 (6.49–8.31)
Other	126 (14.69)	16.07 (14.28–17.86)
Inactive	46 (5.36)	21.65 (19.18–24.12)
-test (prob.)		45.53^**
Marital status
Married	659 (76.81)	8.29 (6.47–10.11)
Divorced	71 (8.28)	11.04 (10.32–11.76)
Widow/widower	55 (6.41)	11.90 (9.64–14.15)
Single	73 (8.51)	13.61 (10.82–16.41)
-test (prob.)		3.71^*
Hypertension	421 (47.8)
Diabetes	157 (17.8)
Smoking	153 (17.4)
Body mass index	27.1 (5.8)
Body fat percentage	32.4 ± 10.8
Waist-hip ratio	0.9 ± 0.1
Waist-height ratio	0.6 ± 0.1
Waist circumference, cm	88.6 ± 12.5

Data are resented as mean ± standard deviation or as n (%); ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.001.