NKG2D and DNAM-1 Ligands: Molecular Targets for NK Cell-Mediated Immunotherapeutic Intervention in Multiple Myeloma

Table 1

Drug-induced pathways and molecular targets associated with the upregulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1L expression on MM cells.

Drug	Pathway/molecular target	Ligands	References
Genotoxic agents; Doxorubicin; Melphalan	ROS-dependent DDR	MICA/B, ULPB1-3; PVR, Nectin-2	Soriani et al., 2009 [19]; Soriani et al., 2014 [29]
GSK3 inhibitors; LiCl; BIO; SB21	STAT3 inhibition	MICA	Fionda et al., 2013 [63]
Proteasome inhibitor; Bortezomib	DDR	MICA, ULBP1-3, PVR, Nectin-2	Jinushi et al., 2008 [17]; Soriani et al., 2009 [19]
Histone deacetylase inhibitor; Valproic acid	ERK	MICA/B; ULBP-2	Wu et al., 2012 [23]
Hsp90 inhibitors; Radicicol, 17-AAG	HSR	MICA/B	Fionda et al., 2009 [22]

DDR: DNA damage response; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
HSR: heat shock response; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase.