The Effect of CYP, GST, and SULT Polymorphisms and Their Interaction with Smoking on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 3

Effect of the genes-gene interaction on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

	Cases : controls	OR^a (95% CI)		AP (95% CI)
GSTM1 × CYP1A12A
Present/wt homozygote	74 : 113	1^c
Null/wt homozygote	78 : 112	1.05 (0.69–1.61)
Present/any mt	22 : 26	1.32 (0.69–2.53)
Null/any mt	27 : 38	1.04 (0.58–1.88)	0.521	nc
GSTM1 × GSTT1
Present/present	66 : 103	1^c
Null/present	75 : 117	0.97 (0.63–1.50)
Present/null	30 : 36	1.28 (0.71–2.30)
Null/null	30 : 33	1.39 (0.77–2.53)	0.773	0.109 (−0.603; 0.820)
GSTM1 × SULT1A1
Present/present	53 : 84	1^c
Null/present	67 : 96	1.09 (0.68–1.76)
Present/null	43 : 55	1.40 (0.81–2.41)
Null/null	38 : 54	1.22 (0.70–2.13)	0.566	nc
GSTT1 × CYP1A12A
Present/wt homozygote	108 : 169	1^c
Null/wt homozygote	44 : 56	1.20 (0.74–1.93)
Present/any mt	33 : 51	0.98 (0.58–1.63)
Null/any mt	16 : 13	2.00 (0.91–4.41)	0.289	0.414 (−0.149; 0.976)
GSTT1 × SULT1A1
Present/wt/wt	81 : 138	1^c
Null/wt/wt	39 : 42	1.59 (0.94–2.70)
Present/any mt	60 : 82	1.40 (0.90–2.20)
Null/any mt	21 : 27	1.48 (0.77–2.84)	0.347	nc
SULT1A1 × CYP1A12A
wt homozygote/wt homozygote	99 : 138	1^c
mt carrier/wt homozygote	66 : 88	1.14 (0.75–1.74)
wt homozygote/mt carrier	33 : 62	1.09 (0.64–1.85)
mt carrier/mt carrier	23 : 22	1.67 (0.97–3.24)	0.493	0.269 (−0.330; 0.867)

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AP: attributable proportion; nc: not calculable.
^aAdjusted for age and sex.
from test for multiplicative interaction.
^cReference category.
wt: wild-type allele.
mt: variant-type allele.