Establishment of Hairy Root Cultures of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin for the Production of Biomass and Caffeic Acid Derivatives

Table 4

Results of HPLC-PDA quantification of polyphenols and 20-hydroxyecdysone in hairy roots and in the roots of soil-grown plant extracts of R. carthamoides.

Number	Compound	(min)	HR-L	HR-D	SR
			mg g^−1 DW	mg g^−1 DW	mg g^−1 DW
1	3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	4.0	0.06 (4.80)^a	—	0.70 (0.34)^b
2	5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	7.4	5.12 (2.24)^b	1.96 (2.92)^a	18.26 (0.46)^c
3	4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	8.1	0.12 (5.03)^b	0.06 (2.35)^a	0.42 (0.95)^c
4	1,3-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	10.2	0.22 (3.90)^b	0.12 (2.68)^a	1.21 (1.88)^c
5	Quercetagetin hexoside	10.7	0.96 (1.65)	—	—
6	Quercetin hexoside	11.4	0.93 (1.71)	—	—
7	Quercetin hexoside	11.9	0.52 (0.61)	—	—
8	20-Hydroxyecdysone	12.0	—	—	5.60 (1.36)
9	Luteolin hexoside	12.1	0.27 (1.43)	—	—
10	Patuletin hexoside	12.2	0.25 (1.24)	—	—
11	3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	13.1	0.22 (0.95)^b	0.15 (3.67)^a	0.52 (2.62)^c
12	3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	13.4	3.08 (3.32)^b	1.92 (2.75)^a	8.47 (0.51)^c
13	1,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	13.9	0.28 (3.28)^b	0.12 (3.01)^a	1.44 (2.75)^c
14	4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	14.1	1.97 (3.39)^c	1.23 (1.77)^b	1.04 (2.05)^a
15	1,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid	15.3	1.38 (4.67)^b	1.08 (2.86)^a	—
16	Tricaffeoylquinic acid derivative	15.6	5.97 (4.88)^c	4.34 (2.09)^b	0.26 (2.18)^a
17	Tricaffeoylquinic acid derivative	16.4	0.66 (0.24)^b	0.47 (4.58)^a	2.88 (1.38)^c

Results are mean values of triplicate analyses calculated per DW of the plant material; the values in parentheses are relative standard deviations RSD (%); different superscript letter within the rows indicates significant differences in the mean values at < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA by Tukey’s test).
HR-L: hairy roots cultured in the WPM liquid medium, in the presence of light.
HR-D: hairy roots cultured in the WPM liquid medium, in darkness.
SR: roots of 3-year-old soil-grown plants.