Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Are Associated with Increased Risk of Dementia among the Elderly: A Nationwide Study

Table 1

Demographic information.

	Non-LUTS ()	LUTS ()
Age (years) (mean ± SD)	67.29 ± 9.42	67.29 ± 9.42	0.9994
Age (years)
50~60	5171 (25.34)	1723 (25.33)	1.0000
60~70	6491 (31.81)	2164 (31.82)
70~80	7071 (34.66)	2356 (34.64)
≥80	1670 (8.19)	558 (8.20)
Gender
Male	11469 (56.21)	3823 (56.21)	1.0000
Female	8934 (43.79)	2978 (43.79)
Hypertension
Yes	6949 (34.06)	2420 (35.58)	0.0220
No	13454 (65.94)	4381 (64.42)
Diabetes
Yes	2985 (14.63)	1141 (16.78)	<0.0001
No	17418 (85.37)	5660 (83.22)
Coronary artery disease
Yes	2408 (11.80)	907 (13.34)	0.0008
No	17995 (88.20)	5894 (86.66)
Hyperlipidemia
Yes	1576 (7.72)	574 (8.44)	0.0582
No	18827 (92.28)	6227 (91.56)
Cerebrovascular disease
Yes	1591 (7.80)	707 (10.40)	<0.0001
No	18812 (92.20)	6094 (89.60)
Atrial fibrillation
Yes	229 (1.12)	101 (1.49)	0.0180
No	20174 (98.88)	6700 (98.51)
Time to dementia (year)
Median (IQR)	4.97 (2.57–7.07)	4.37 (1.93–6.61)	0.0002
Dementia
Yes	1418 (6.95)	741 (10.90)	<0.0001
No	18985 (93.05)	6060 (89.10)

It is determined using Student’s -test or the Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and the test for categorical variables. Data are number (%). LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range.