Ethnogynaecological Assessment of Medicinal Plants in Pashtun’s Tribal Society

Table 1

Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat gynecological problems.

Plant families	Scientific names/voucher no.	Local names	Habit	Reproduction	Part used	Region	Gynaecological problems
Acanthaceae	Justicia adhatoda L. KUH-810	Baikar	Shrub	Perennial	Root, leaves	Malakand, Karak, Bannu	Gynae, abortifacient
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes aspera L. KUH-811	Kurshaka	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Kohat, Malakand	Gonorrhea
Anacardiaceae	Schinus molle L. KUH-812	Toor maruch	Tree	Perennial	Bark, leaf, fruits	Bannu	Menses
Amaryllidaceae	Allium sativum L. KUH-813	Thoma	Herb	Perennial	Seeds	Karak	Menses
	Allium cepa L. KUH-814	Thrashto	Herb	Perennial	Bulb	Chitral	Gynae, menses
Brassicaceae	Brassica campestris L. KUH-815	Sarson	Herb	Annual	Leaves	Malakand, Kohat, Karak	Mastitis
	Sisymbrium irio L. KUH-816	Khelikheli	Herb	Annual	Seeds	Chitral, Karak, Bannu	Pregnancy
Cannabaceae	Cannabis sativa L. KUH-817	Banga	Herb	Annual	Leaves and bark	Bannu, Malakand, Mansehra	Gonorrhea, pregnancy
Celastraceae	Gymnosporia royleana Wall. ex M.A. Lawson KUH-818	Pataki	Shrub	Perennial	Seed	Mansehra, Karak	Pregnancy
Convolvulaceae	Convolvulus  arvensis L. KUH-819	Pryvatay	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Karak, Bannu, Malakand, Kohat	Menses
Cucurbitaceae	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. KUH-820	Maraginye/truh	Herb	Perennial	Roots and fruits	Bannu	Abortifacient, mastitis
Cyperaceae	Cyperus rotundus L. KUH-821	Delloca	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Bannu	Menses
Equisetaceae	Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. KUH-822	Jorter, horse tail	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Mansehra	Gonorrhea
Fabaceae	Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. KUH-823	Vilayati kikar	Tree	Perennial	Gum	Kohat	Leucorrhoea
	Acacia modesta Wall. KUH-824	Palosa	Tree	Perennial	Whole plant	Kohat, Karak, Bannu, Mansehra	Gonorrhea, gynae
	Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile KUH-825	Kikar	Tree	Perennial	Leaves, bark, pod	Bannu, Karak, Mansehra	Gynae, gonorrhea, leucorrhea, female impotency
	Medicago sativa L. KUH-826	Malkindye	Herb	Perennial	Leaves, stem	Bannu	Menses
	Lotus corniculatus L. KUH-827	Rub	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Chitral	Pregnancy
Hypericaceae	Hypericum perforatum L. KUH-828	Sheen chai	Herb	Perennial	Fruit, shoot	Malakand	Menses
Juglandaceae	Juglans regia L. KUH-829	Ghuz	Tree	Perennial	Bark	Kohat, Mansehra	Gynae
Juncaceae	Juncus thomsonii Buchenau KUH-830	Gawag	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Chitral	Pregnancy
Lamiaceae	Mentha viridis (L.) L. KUH-831	Podina	Herb	Perennial	Leaves	Malakand	Menses
	Thymus serpyllum L. KUH-832	Mervezei	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Bannu	Menses, gynae
Malvaceae	Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench KUH-833	Bhindi	Herb	Annual	Fruits	Karak	Gonorrhea
	Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet KUH-834	Koso beta	Shrub	Annual	Whole plant	Bannu	Leucorrhoea, gynae, gonorrhea, abortion
	Malva parviflora L. KUH-835	Tikalai	Herb	Annual	Leaves	Bannu	Menses
Meliaceae	Melia azadirachta L. KUH-836	Bakana	Tree	Perennial	Bark, fruits gum	Bannu, Karak	Gonorrhea
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill. KUH-837	Lachi	Tree	Perennial	Leaves, oil, stem	Malakand	Menses
Nyctaginaceae	Boerhavia coccinea Mill. KUH-838	Insut/punara	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Malakand	Menses
Oleaceae	Olea ferruginea Royle KUH-839	Khuna	Tree	Perennial	Fruits, leaves	Malakand	Menses
	Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G. Don) A. DC. KUH-840	Toor	Herb	Perennial	Bark, stem, leaves	Chitral	Gynae
Papaveraceae	Papaver somniferum L. KUH-841	Posat	Herb	Annual	Flower, fruit	Mansehra	Abortifacient, pregnancy
Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica L. KUH-842	Chmchi pattar	Shrub	Perennial	Root	Mansehra	Abortifacient
Plantaginaceae	Veronica agrestis L. KUH-843	Khoso beta	Herb	Annual	Whole plant	Bannu	Menses, pregnancy
Poaceae	Arundo donax L. KUH-844		Herb	Perennial	Stem, rhizome	Bannu	Menses
	Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf KUH-845	Ghar chichona	Grass	Perennial	Whole plant	Karak	Menses
Polygonaceae	Polygonum biaristatum Aitch. & Hemsl. KUH-846	Howar	Shrub	Perennial	Whole plant	Bannu	Gonorrhea
Ranunculaceae	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle KUH-847	Patris, bhang dewana, sarba wali	Herb	Perennial	Latex, root	Mansehra	Gynae
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. KUH-848	Bera	Tree	Perennial	Leaves, bark, seeds	Bannu	Gynae
Rosaceae	Crataegus songarica K. Koch KUH-849	Ghonii	Tree	Perennial	Leaves, stem, bark	Chitral	Gynae
Rubiaceae	Randia tetrasperma Benth. & Hook. f. KUH-850	Mainphal	Shrub	Perennial	fruit	Chitral	Abortifacient
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum armatum DC. KUH-851	Timbar	Tree	Perennial	Fruit, leaves	Mansehra	Abortifacient
Salicaceae	Salix acmophylla Boiss. KUH-852	Chekar	Herb	Perennial	Leaves, twigs	Chitral	Menses
Saxifragaceae	Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. & Thomson) Engl. KUH-853	Bisabur	Herb	Perennial	Leaves, roots latex	Chitral	Pregnancy
Solanaceae	Hyoscyamus niger L. KUH-854	Joli gao	Herb	Biennial	Leaves	Chitral	Pregnancy
	Solanum surattense Burm. f. KUH-855	Manraghonay/mahokri	Herb	Biennial	Whole plant	Malakand, Bannu, Kohat	Gonorrhea, pregnancy
	Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal KUH-856	Panir, panir doda	Herb	Annual	Fruits	Kohat, Karak, Bannu	Leucorrhoea
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal KUH-857	Kotilal, jangli paneer	Shrub	Perennial	Whole plant	Malakand, Mansehra, Karak, Bannu	Leucorrhea, female impotency, menses
	Datura metel L. KUH-858	Barbaka	Shrub	Perennial	Whole plant	Karak, Bannu	Gonorrhea
Tamaricaceae	Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst. KUH-859	Sheen ghazz	Tree	Perennial	Leaves, bark	Karak, Bannu	Gynae
Verbenaceae	Verbena officinalis L. KUH-860	Koso beeta	Herb	Perennial	Whole plant	Bannu, Malakand	Pregnancy, menses