Research Article
Daycare Attendance, Breastfeeding, and the Development of Type 1 Diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young
Table 1
Characteristics of the analysis cohort by T1D status (the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young).
| | | Number (%) |
Univariate HR (95% CI) | value | | | Developed
T1D | Did not develop
T1D |
| | Age (mean (SD) at T1D diagnosis or at last followup, years) | 8.5 (3.8) | 8.8 (5.6) | N.A. | N.A. | | HLA-DR3/4, DQB1*0302 | 32 (55.2) | 412 (23.9) | 3.35 (1.99–5.64) | <0.0001 | | First degree relative with T1D | | | | | | Mother | 4 (6.9) | 174 (10.1) | 1.08 (0.37–3.14) | 0.88 | | Father or sibling | 32 (55.2) | 390 (22.6) | 3.50 (1.99–6.17) | <0.0001 | | Birth order (first/only child) | 20 (36.4) | 712 (43.3) | 0.78 (0.45–1.38) | 0.40 | | Female | 27 (46.5) | 836 (48.5) | 0.93 (0.54–1.60) | 0.80 | | Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white) | 50 (86.2) | 1202 (69.7) | 2.10 (0.92–4.81) | 0.08 | | Maternal age, mean (SD), years | 30.6 (5.9) | 30.0 (5.7) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 0.97 | | Maternal education (>12 years) | 41 (70.7) | 1255 (75.6) | 0.62 (0.35–1.12) | 0.11 | | Crowding (≥1 people/room at 6 mo.) | 6 (10.3) | 227 (13.2) | 1.05 (0.45–2.47) | 0.91 | | Ever breastfed | 54 (93.1) | 1483 (86.0) | 1.84 (0.67–5.03) | 0.23 | | Breastfeeding duration, mean (SD), months | 5.6 (6.9) | 6.4 (7.0) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.16 | | Daycare attendance in the first 2 years of life | 27 (46.5) | 803 (46.5) | 0.89 (0.53–1.49) | 0.65 |
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