Utility of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Table 1

Demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings.

Number	Age/sex	Smoker	Time elapsed since HIV diagnosis/current treatment	Presenting symptoms/duration	Findings on computed tomography of thorax/other significant imaging results	CD4 (cells/mm^3)	Lymph node sampled^a; (size, mm)	Histology/cytology	Microbiological results	Treatment/outcome	Need for mediastinoscopy (final diagnosis)
1	73/M	Yes	5 years/ART	Fever, cough, purulent sputum/1 week	Right hilar mass, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, bilateral pulmonary nodules (<10 mm)/multiple hepatic nodules, bilateral adrenal nodularity, lytic bone lesions	386	4R (30)	Small cell lung cancer	TB culture from TBNA negative	Not treated/demised	No; (small cell lung cancer)
2	59/M	Yes	3 months/untreated	Hemoptysis/2 weeks	Mediastinal and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, fibrobullous disease in both upper lobes	433	4R (6); 4L (12)	Blood	TB culture from TBNA negative; BAL cultures negative	Surveillance	No; (nonspecific)
3	39/F	No	13 years/defaulted treatment 3 years	Fever, weight loss/1 week	Mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy, 2 nonspecific pulmonary nodules (<10 mm)	2	4R (20)	Lymphocytes	TB culture from TBNA: MAC; Bacterial and fungal cultures from TBNA negative	Treated for disseminated MAC/resolved	No; (disseminated MAC)
4	41/M	Yes	New diagnosis/untreated	Fever, cough, purulent sputum, weight loss/2 weeks	Necrotic left hilar mass, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, left lower lobe nodules	127	7 (30)	Lymphocytes; (mediastinoscopy: necrotising granulomatous inflammation)	TB culture from TBNA negative; BAL cultures: MTC; Mediastinoscopy cultures: MTC	Treated for MTC/resolved	Yes; (TB)
5	40/M	No	8 months/ART	Cough, nonpurulent sputum/1 month	Necrotic mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy, patchy consolidation and tree-in-bud nodules in right lung/necrotic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy	102	4R (30)	Necrotic tissue; Acid fast bacilli present	TB culture from TBNA negative; BAL cultures negative; Cervical lymph node culture: MAC	Treated for disseminated MAC/resolved	No; (disseminated MAC)
6	47/M	Yes	4 years/ART	Anterior chest wall pain and swelling/1 week	Enlarged precarinal node, no lesion seen in the anterior chest wall	11	4L (15)	Necrotic tissue	TB culture from TBNA negative	Surveillance	No; (nonspecific)
7	50/M	Yes	New diagnosis/untreated	Fever, appetite, and weight loss/1 month	Necrotic mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy/necrotic intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy	83	2R (11)	Necrotic tissue	TB culture from TBNA: MTC; Fungal culture from TBNA negative	Treated for MTC/resolved	No; (TB)
8	68/M	Yes	New diagnosis/untreated	Cough, appetite, and weight loss/2 weeks	Mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, left upper lobe mass/ intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy	346	4L (12); 7 (21); 10L (7)	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	TB culture from TBNA negative; BAL cultures negative	Chemotherapy/demised	No; (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma)
9	49/M	Yes	New diagnosis/untreated	Cough, nonpurulent sputum/3 months; Fever, appetite, and weight loss/3 weeks	Necrotic mediastinal, right hilar and right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, bilateral pulmonary nodules (<10 mm)	280	4R (30)	Blood	TB culture from TBNA: MTC	Treated for MTC/resolved	No; (TB)

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, ART: antiretroviral therapy, TBNA: Transbronchial Needle Aspiration, BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage, MAC: mycobacterium avium complex, TB: tuberculosis, MTC: mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
^aAccording to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer lymph node map (2009). 2R: right upper paratracheal, 4R: right lower paratracheal, 4L: left lower paratracheal, 7: subcarinal, 10L: left hilar.