Coagulation Parameters and Risk of Progressive Hemorrhagic Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Characteristics of included studies of coagulation tests and risk of PHI.

Study, the year of publication	Study design	Study population	Number of participants	% men	Age (mean or range) (years)	Exposure	Endpoints (number of cases)	Time of 2nd HCT after admission (mean or range) (hours)
Oertel et al., 2002 [8]	Nested case-control	American	142	81	34 ± 14 (>16)	PLT, PT, and PTT	PHI (60)	<24
Sun et al., 2011 [12]	Nested case-control	Asian (Chinese)	352	68	18–87	INR, PT, APTT, FIB, D-DT, and PLT	PHI (122)	4.9 ± 2.1
Tong et al., 2012 [10]	Case-control	Asian (Chinese)	498	73	44 ± 18	PT, APTT, Fg, PLT, and D-D	PIH (139)	4–6
Yuan et al., 2012 [11]	Case-control	Asian (Chinese)	468	78	47	PT, APTT, Fg, PLT, D-D, and INR	PHI (108)	<24
Tian et al., 2010 [9]	Case-control	Asian (Chinese)	194	79	43.9 ± 15.4	PT, APTT, Fg, PLT, D-D, and INR	PHI (81)	<24
White et al., 2009 [13]	Case-control	American	46	82	38 (11–78)	PLT, PTT, and INR	PHI (30)	12 ± 6.5

APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; D-D: D-dimer; DTICH: delayed traumatic intracerebral/intracranial hemorrhage; Fg/FIB: fibrinogen/fibrin; INR: international normalized ratio; N/A: not available; PHI: progressive hemorrhagic injury; PIH: progressive intracerebral/intracranial hemorrhage; PLT: platelet counts; PT: prothrombin time; SD: standard deviation.