Neural and Nonneural Contributions to Wrist Rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease: An Explorative Study Using the NeuroFlexor

Figure 1

Example recordings in a control and a PD subject showing resistance profiles during high velocity movement (9 traces superimposed). Red traces show force recordings in Newton (N). Black trace shows resistance profile when the device runs empty (without hand). Blue trace shows degrees of movement. At the beginning and end of movement acceleration and decceleration forces are seen. The resistance increase during the constant phase of the movement (indicated by arrow) is crucial in determining the NC according to the biomechanical model. Three time points (P0, P1, P2) are automatically determined and the mean (across nine traces) is used in the software program for calculation of NC, EC, and VC. Values of each subject’s calculated components are shown in the top left corner.