Cinnabar Induces Renal Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Rats
Table 3
Renal expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators were upregulated in cinnabar-treated rats.
Mediators
Control
Cinnabar
value
L-selectin/CD62L
101.03 ± 8.19
191.49 ± 19.38
0.0001
E-selectin
139.94 ± 21.33
192.99 ± 22.28
0.0138
MCP-1/CCL2
217.94 ± 34.00
311.54 ± 27.72
0.0053
MIP-1α/CCL3
387.63 ± 56.64
514.61 ± 45.24
0.0128
MIP-3α/CCL20
219.68 ± 29.32
301.92 ± 14.01
0.0023
MDC/CCL22
401.28 ± 48.74
538.09 ± 55.00
0.0098
MIP-2/CXCL2
364.42 ± 44.82
485.86 ± 39.52
0.0066
LIX/CXCL5
142.33 ± 15.65
243.99 ± 22.39
0.0003
IP-10/CXCL10
197.75 ± 21.82
264.08 ± 29.11
0.0107
GM-CSF
227.82 ± 28.81
331.11 ± 21.78
0.0012
B7-1/CD80
66.01 ± 4.84
99.40 ± 13.17
0.0031
IL-1β
195.83 ± 22.85
267.32 ± 27.98
0.0075
IL-6
185.21 ± 26.40
269.65 ± 18.67
0.0020
IL-12/IL-23 p40
212.44 ± 28.69
303.58 ± 34.97
0.0069
IL-4
117.49 ± 10.71
192.26 ± 21.39
0.0008
IL-5
237.21 ± 36.82
351.26 ± 45.17
0.0079
IL-13
173.70 ± 20.62
213.51 ± 15.71
0.0219
IL-10
203.56 ± 32.10
299.32 ± 25.48
0.0034
TGF-β1
316.90 ± 30.10
377.74 ± 26.60
0.0231
PDGF-AA
241.43 ± 39.73
363.32 ± 47.78
0.0078
VEGF
278.59 ± 41.53
385.97 ± 44.29
0.0123
FGF-BP
154.79 ± 9.50
258.50 ± 42.18
0.0030
MMP-13
132.97 ± 11.80
174.35 ± 10.65
0.0020
TIMP-1
127.21 ± 10.83
185.38 ± 14.28
0.0006
TIMP-2
138.76 ± 10.70
257.97 ± 8.85
0.0000
TIMP-3
50.96 ± 10.56
91.62 ± 14.49
0.0040
Rats were dosed with cinnabar (1 g/kg/day) for 12 weeks, and levels of cytokines in kidneys were measured using an antibody array. Each level of expression was normalized to that of the positive control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD ( rats per group). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s -test. Abbreviations: CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand; FGF-BP: fibroblast growth factor binding protein; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon-inducible protein 10; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MDC, macrophage-derived chemokine; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; PDGF-AA: platelet derived growth factor-AA; TGF: transforming growth factor; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
