Written Language Ability in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Cochlear Implants

Table 5

Demographical data of the cochlear implanted subjects and the outcomes of language skill and speech perception measures.

Parameters	Mean ± SD	Median
Child/family-related
Age at implantation (years)	4.1 ± 2.1	3.3
Duration of CI use (years)	6.5 ± 2.7	6.9
Grade	4.2 ± 1.6	4.0
SES^a	2.3 ± 0.6	2.0
CAP	6.2 ± 0.5	6.0
SIR	4.7 ± 0.6	5.0
Language/speech-related
Paragraph reading (%)	59.9 ± 19.6	60.0
Word recognition ( score)	51.4 ± 12.7	52.0
Receptive language ( score)	49.0 ± 12.6	48.5
Expressive language ( score)	52.4 ± 11.8	52.0
Receptive vocabulary	90.0 ± 13.5	90.0
Word perception (%)	85.7 ± 13.0	92.0

CI: cochlear implant; SES: socioeconomic status; CAP: Categorical Auditory Performance; SIR: Speech Intelligibility Rating.
^aSES of the family (1 = low SES; 5 = high SES) was determined based on the Hollingshead two-factor index of social status that referenced to the parents’ occupational status (1 = unskilled workers; 5 = higher executives/major professionals) and educational level (1 = illiterate; 5 = with a graduate degree or above).