Stem Cells for Cutaneous Wound Healing

Table 1

Published clinical use of cell therapies in human cutaneous wounds.

Wound type	Cell type	Delivery system	Outcome	References
Pressure sores	Bone marrow CD34^+ (HSCs)	Injected locally	Validation of test model but no significant enhancement over standard (noncell) treatment methods.	[64]
Type 2 diabetic limb ischemia	Bone marrow MSCs OR bone marrow mononuclear cells	Injected intramuscularly	No adverse reactions to cell injections. BM-MSCs lead to improved healing rate at 6 weeks and reached 100% 4 weeks earlier than BM-MNCs. No difference with respect to pain relief and amputation.	[46]
Type IV pressure ulcers	Bone marrow mononuclear cells	Injected locally	Mean intrahospital stay was reduced from 85 to 43 days. At a 19-month followup, none of the ulcers had recurred.	[45]
Nonhealing ulcers	Adipose MSCs	Injected intramuscularly	Clinical improvement in 67.7% of patients. At 6 months, improved pain rating and walking distance.	[44]
Nonhealing ulcers	Bone marrow MSCs	Injected locally	Improvement in pain-free walking distance and reduction in ulcer size.	[40]
Intractable dermatopathies	Bone marrow MSCs	Collagen sponge	18/20 wounds healed (2/20 patients died).	[100]
Acute wound (following skin cancer resection). Chronic wound (foot or leg, greater than 1 year old).	Bone marrow MSCs	Fibrin spray	Correlation with number of cells applied and reduction of chronic wound size.	[39]
Radiolesions	Adipose MSCs	Injected locally	Improvement or remission of symptoms in all patients.	[101]
Radiation burn	Bone marrow MSCs	Injected locally	Reduction in pain leading to complete healing (single patient).	[102]
Chronic wounds	Bone marrow derived cells	Injected and applied directly to wound	Enhanced clinical response.	[103]
Diabetic ulcer	Bone marrow suspension	Collagen matrix	Generation of vascularised tissue able to accept skin graft (single patient).	[42]
Chronic wounds	Bone marrow derived cells	Topical application of cell suspension	Complete wound closure in all three patients.	[35]