Electroencephalographic Changes Associated with Antinociceptive Actions of Lidocaine, Ketamine, Meloxicam, and Morphine Administration in Minimally Anaesthetized Dogs

Table 4

Pre- and posttreatment absolute values (mean ± SE) Ptot (µV²) with their percentage change (mean values) at various stimulation times across treatment groups.

Treatment	Before treatment	% change	5 min	% change	20 min	% change	40 min	% change
Ptot (KLD)
Before stimulation	8.17 ± 1.08^c		10.71 ± 0.84^a		10.41 ± 1.42^a		9.18 ± 1.22^bc
After stimulation	6.44 ± 0.52^d	17.54	10.02 ± 1.22^ab	12.42	8.07 ± 1.79^c	25.11	6.76 ± 0.9^d	26.96
Ptot (LLD)
Before stimulation	9.01 ± 0.94^a		8.17 ± 0.73^ab		8.52 ± 0.68^ab		7.8 ± 0.76^cb
After stimulation	8.29 ± 0.85^ab	19.8	6.69 ± 0.85^d	19.04	8.1 ± 1.35^ab	37.04	7.1 ± 0.83^dc	23.6
Ptot (MRP)
Before stimulation	7.78 ± 0.65^ab		8.51 ± 1.11^a		7.86 ± 0.66^ab		7.77 ± 0.73^ab
After stimulation	6.29 ± 0.63^c	7.06	8.49 ± 1.01^a	14.92	7.04 ± 0.89^bc	17.36	7.02 ± 0.59^bc	16.32
Ptot (MLX)
Before stimulation	9.04 ± 1.32^a		9.28 ± 1.1^a		8.57 ± 1.15^ab		8.19 ± 0.92^ab
After stimulation	7.86 ± 1.52^bc	17.22	7.08 ± 0.76^c	23.04	6.88 ± 0.67^c	22.02	7.04 ± 0.87^c	14.27

Means within a row and column in each treatment group followed by different letters are significantly different at (). MF = median frequency. KLD = ketamine loading dose. LLD = lidocaine loading dose. MRP = morphine. MLX = meloxicam.