Lunasin Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Apoptosis and Reduces the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cultured Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts

Figure 3

Effect of lunasin on the apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts and the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. (a) Synovial fibroblasts were incubated with lunasin at various concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 48 h, and then the cells were harvested and the apoptosis proportion of the cells was examined by flow cytometry using V-FITC/PI double staining. The proportion of cells in early apoptosis (positive for FITC and negative for PI, FITC⁺/PI⁻) and late apoptosis (positive for both FITC and PI, FITC⁺/PI⁺) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data were expressed as mean ± SD for three independent experiments. was considered a significant difference when compared with the control. (b) Synovial fibroblasts were treated with lunasin at the concentrations of 0 and 200 μM for 48 h. The cell samples were then harvested and the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins was evaluated. LA: late apoptosis; EA: early apoptosis; TA: total apoptosis.

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