Development of Electroactive and Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Biofilms from Digestate in Microbial Fuel Cells

Figure 5

Biofilm imaging and cell viability. (a–f), SEM images of biofilms from MFC-C (a and b) and MFC-U (d and e). Live (green) and dead (red) bacteria within the biofilms from MFC-C (c) and MFC-U (f). (g and h) Fraction of live and dead bacteria in the anode biofilms from the indicated reactors. Cell viability was determined at the surface (0–3 μm), in the middle (3–6 μm), and at the base of the biofilms (6–10 μm).

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