Procedure development (prospective development studies)
Exploration (b)
Many, early adopters and early majority
Refinement, community learning and consensus, and learning curve evaluation (preliminary collaborative cohort studies building toward randomized trials)
Assessment ()
Many, early majority
Formal comparison of benefits and short-term safety (randomized controlled trials)
Long-term follow-up ()
All eligible
Surveillance, quality assurance, and long-term safety (registry)