Prehospital Volume Therapy as an Independent Risk Factor after Trauma

Table 4

Clinical course and outcome of patients receiving volume prehospital replacement therapy after trauma.

Group	1; 0–500 mL	2; 501–1000 mL	3; 1001–1500 mL	4; 1501–2000 mL	5; ≥2001 mL	Total
Days of intubation (mean, SD)	6.6 ± 10.8	7.8 ± 11.7	9.3 ± 13.3	10.2 ± 12.7	11 ± 13.1	8.8 ± 12.3	<0.001
Days in ICU (mean, SD)	10.9 ± 13	12.1 ± 13.5	13.7 ± 15.5	14.7 ± 14.2	15.3 ± 15	13.1 ± 14.3	<0.001
Days in hospital (mean, SD)	21.9 ± 20.1	25.6 ± 23.4	27.8 ± 25.7	28.5 ± 25.9	29.7 ± 27.2	26.4 ± 24.5	<0.001
Sepsis (%)	8.6	8.9	10.8	13.7	14.6	11	<0.001
Organ failure (%)	46.5	49.4	56.1	58.1	61.3	53.5	<0.001
Multiorgan failure (%)	29.4	31.5	37.3	40.9	43.3	35.7	<0.001
Death (%)	18.3	16.8	16.9	18.7	24	18.7	<0.001
Death within initial 24 h (%)	7.2	7.7	8.9	10.7	13.4	9.3	<0.001

Values shown as mean, standard deviation (SD), or % of the group. ICU: intensive care unit.