Biological Effects of Listeriolysin O: Implications for Vaccination

Table 1

Summary of single point mutations and truncated LLO forms and the relationship on biological activities.

	LLO mutants	Effects of mutations on cell death	Effects of mutations on proinflammatory activity	Effects of mutations on LLO Immunogenicity	Reference
Single amino acids substitutions	LLO C484A	A decrease of 28% in the hemolytic activity	ND	ND	[58]
	LLO C484S	A decrease of 85% in the hemolytic activity	ND	NA	[20, 58]
	LLO W491A	A decrease of 95% in the hemolytic activity and abolished capacity to induce apoptosis	ND	ND	[20, 58, 59]
	LLO 415 (domains 1–3, no nomain 4)	Loss of cytolytic and lethal activities	ND	ND	[59]
	LLO W492A	A decrease of 99% in the hemolytic activity	ND	Retains the ability to be efficiently presented by APC’s	[18, 58, 59]
	LLO W491-492A	A decrease of 99.5% in the hemolytic activity	ND	Retains the ability to be efficiently presented by APC’s	[18]
	LLO W489A	Cytolytic activity diminished	ND	ND	[59]
	dtLLO (3 punctual mutations: C484A, W491A, and W492A.	No hemolytic activity	Retain the proinflammatory activity	ND	[29]
	LLOA40W, LLOS44D, LLOS44E, LLO D394W	Increased the hemolytic activity	ND	ND	[2]
	LLOK175E, LLOE262K, LLOS176W, LLOD4 (domain 4)	No hemolytic activity	ND	ND	[2]
	LLOE262W	No effect on cytolytic activity	ND	ND	[2]
	LLON230W	A decrease of 50% in the hemolytic activity	ND	ND	[2]
LLO truncated forms	Deletion of PPII region: LLODPPII.	Increased the hemolytic activity	ND	ND	[2]
	rLLO493, rLLO482, rLLO415; (Forms deficient of C-terminal region)	No hemolytic activity	Retain the proinflammatory activity	ND	[12]
	rLLO416–529 (domain 4 alone)	No hemolytic activity	No influence on proinflammatory activity	ND	[12]
	rLLO59–415 include the sequence 59–415aa of LLO)	No hemolytic activity	Retain the proinflammatory activity	ND	[12]

ND = not determined.