Ordinary and Activated Bone Grafts: Applied Classification and the Main Features

Figure 3

Scheme of the intracellular cascade pathway of VEGF signals. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; R: receptor; PIP-2: phosphatidylinositol biphosphate; PLCγ: phospholipases Сγ; PLCβ: phospholipases Cβ; SRK, NCK, SHB, and SCK: group of adapter proteins; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: complex of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; eNO: endothelial NO-synthase.